1. The Relationship between Colonialism and US Immigration Policy National narrative: free republic; non-imperialist; committed to self-determination Recall Hamilton’s “embryo of a great empire,” or his goal of national greatness through territorial expansion Recall the Monroe Doctrine 1821 Recall Sullivan’s “Manifest Destiny,”

2. 1898 – the magic number? Really? Traditional interpretation: US does not get into imperial business until 1898 After Spanish-American War: referred to as democratic imperialism Consider that this late date ignores westward expansion completely; essentially leaves out the annexation of much of the Western US (Chap. 4)

3. Image (1899) from Michael H. Hunt, Ideology and US Foreign Policy Text in image reads: “Maine Sailors Murdered by Spain” and “US soldiers mutilated by Spain.” – referring to “Black Legend” or “Spanish inhumanity.”

4. Question: Was expansion colonialism?

5. What is Colonialism? Classic: milt. Intervention; political transfer of sovereignty; domination (econ and cult); territorial acquisition; e.g., Belgium and Rwandans; Britain and India; Britain and Ireland; France and Lebanon; US and Puerto Rico, American Samoa; Hawaii Neo-colonialism: all of the above without formal transfer of sovereignty; e.g., Nicaragua, Cuba (post 1903), El Salvador, Philippines (post 1946)

6. Early 20 th c. cartoon; notice the racialization between PR and Cuba

7. Another early 20 th c. cartoon regarding “democratic imperialism” post Spanish-American War

8. 500 Puerto Ricans lined up along prison wall in San Juan, Puerto Rico after annexation

9. Left “Puerto Rico”, Center “Philippina,” Right “Cuba” On Box: “Soap, Good Morning Have You Used it?”

10. Formal Annexation of Hawaii Ceremony, 1899

11. Virgin Islands, 1917 from Denmark; Liberia, 1822

12. Some territories annexed in the South Pacific: Not shown are Micronesia (Marshall Islands (1947-86), Wake Island (1899), Northern Mariana Islands (1976)

13. Key Periods in Mexican History Pre 1848: porfiriato; U.S. surplus investment builds infrastructure; displaces local economy; helps to create workers on the move (COMING and GOING)) After Mexican-American War 1846-48: low immigration; Gold Rush Displaces local Californios and Mexicans; foreign miner’s tax; massive shift in ethnic population from Spanish-speaking peoples to Anglo; Homestead Act, 1862 disregards Mexican land grants (LEAVING) Mexican Revolution 1910: increased immigration along side self- repatriation after Revolution (COMING AND GOING) WWI: need for labor; many self-repatriate due to conscription (COMING AND GOING) Depression: Severe econ. Situation; Official repatriation 1929-31 (GO) WWII: need for labor (COME) Bracero Program 1942-1964 1950s: (Go); 1960s and ‘70s (COME); 1980s (COME) w/ 2 million receiving Amnesty; 1990s (COME/ US policy NAFTA) (GO/Public Sentiment);21 st : (GO)

14. Mexico pre 48

15. Mexico – pre ‘48

16. After Annexation