2. Chapter III The Government

3. I. Introduction  The British Government is the supreme administrative institution which manages state affairs.  Government is the collective name for all the ministers and junior ministers, plus four legal members and about twelve ministerial whips.  The Cabinet is the core of leadership, made up of the Prime Minister, the Lords President of the Privy Council.  The British Government can be divided into two parts- central government and local government.

4. II. Central Government  The Privy Council The Privy Council  The Cabinet The Cabinet  The Prime Minister The Prime Minister  The Departmental Working Personnel The Departmental Working Personnel

5. 1. The Privy Council A. It was established in the 15th century when Henry VI was on the throne as an advisory institution. B. With the establishment of Cabinet government at the beginning of the 18th century, its power was transferred to the Cabinet. C. It is the supreme governmental institution with formal powers of the executive.

6. D. A plenary session of the Privy Council is convened only when a king or queen dies or when he or she declares his marriage. E. It is of no importance in terms of exercising real political power. F. The most important committee is the committee of justice. BACK

7. 2. The Cabinet A. It was called the “Cabinet” at the end of the 17th century when George I came to the throne. B. Until 1937 the Cabinet had a legal basis. C. The Prime Minister chooses the other ministers and asks them to resign if he or she wishes. There are cabinet minister and non-cabinet minister.

8. D. It is a decision-making organ, determining government policies. E. It is a kind of “inner government” within the British Government. F. It directs, controls the armed forces, the police, the courts, the prisons and other organs. BACK

9. 3. The Prime Minister A. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Crown after a general election. B. The Prime Minister organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings. C. The Prime Minister is the head of the government, who controls the parliament and other parties.the head of the government D. The Prime Minister works and lives in the famous residence, No. 10 Downing Street.

10. Downing Street

12. No. 10 Downing Street Back

13. 4. The Department Working Personnel A. They are professional civil servants. B. The change of a minister doesn’t mean the change of department personnel for administrative stability. C. They may vote at elections but they are not allowed to be candidates for Parliament or to give public support to any political party. D. There are different classes in the departmental working personnel with professional and technical qualifications - the administrative class, the executive class and the clerical class.

14. III. Local Government 1. Formation A. The division of administrative areas in England and Wales are basically the same. B. Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own systems. C. England and Wales are the largest administrative areas in terms of local government. D. They have shires or counties, districts and parishes with their own council.

15. A. One is from a local tax called “the community tax”. B. The other is from the grants of central government. 3. The local government has limited powers—reason Parliament and the central government have a firm control over local authorities. 2. Income

16. A. One of the problem is whether it will give power to Scotland and Wales. B. The other problem is Northern Ireland. a. its ownership b. power holder: the Roman Catholic or the Protestant Church 4. Issues connected with local government

17. The End

18.  the duty to report the government’s work to the King or Queen.  the right to direct all the departments, solve the issues between them and approve the decisions of departments which do not need to be discussed in the Cabinet.  the last word in deciding government policy.  the power of appointment and the right to reorganize the government, speak for the government in the House of Commons.  tendency to make policy decisions on their own, in the style of American presidents. Back Rights and duties of the Prime Minister