1. Between 1801 and 1861 exploration was encouraged as America underwent vast _____________________ and settlement. The first addition was the Louisiana Purchase which President __________________ bought from ____________________. This purchase ____________________ the size of the United States. To learn more about the new American lands the President sent ______________________________ to explore. They traveled from the ______________________________ to the ______________________________. Shortly afterward the United States gained Florida as a result of a ____________________ with ____________________. The Texas Territory was added next. The Texans had revolted from ____________________ and declared their independence. Texas was a free country for nine years but in 1845 it was added to the United States as a ____________________. The Oregon Territory was claimed by both the United States and ______________. Rather than fight a war, the territory was divided in a ____________________ between the two nations. Finally California and the Southwest Territory were added to the nation as a result of the United States victory in its war with ____________________.

2. Pass Pass up your journal

4. Many Americans moved west, but they all moved for different reasons. Many pioneers went westward because it was so _______________________ in the eastern United States. They just wanted their space. Other Americans traveled west to get new _____________________ and fertile farmland in the Louisiana Purchase, Oregon Territory, and Texas. They hoped to create large farms where they can sell their crops. Other Americans left to go west to find a job in _____________________. This was a critical job because a lot of wood was needed to build railroads and wagons. Many runaway slaves who escaped from the South would escape westward for _________________________. Once they passed the Mississippi River, they were in to free territory. The last reason that people traveled west was for _____________________. It was found in 1848 and by 1849 thousands of people traveled out to California to strike it rich. The pioneers would travel on overland trails such as the __________________ trail and the ________________________ Trail. It was a very hard and difficult journey but many people were successful. They would also head out on the rivers. A new invention, the __________________ made the journey much quicker on the river (artificially improved river). The most famous one was made in New York: the _______________ Canal. Lastly, two inventions: the __________________________ and the steam locomotive made travel much easier. The Steamboat made river travel much faster to go north, south, east or west while the train made land transportation much easier. The last reason that people traveled westward was for the belief in ______________________ __________________. This belief said that America had the right to spread west and that it was for the good of the country.

5. Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—The idea that expansion was for the good of the country and was the right of the country USI.8b

11. Destiny Look how much we moved and how fast!!! It was like our DESTINY!!

12. Many Americans believed that western expansion was good for the country. This idea was called “Manifest Destiny”. Those who believed in Manifest Destiny thought the United States was meant to stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. This belief encouraged a migration, or large movement, of people to the West. Because of this belief, many pioneers were heading west. Pioneers are people who are one of the first to settle an area.

14. After the purchase of Louisiana Territory, the treaty for Spain, the annexation of Texas, the division for Oregon, and the war with Mexico, there was a huge amount of land for the taking. It was becoming extremely crowded in the eastern United States. People wanted to spread out! They wanted to have larger farms and more area. They started to move to this new territory. It was cheap (.50 cents for an acre!) and was fertile! For many people they traveled out west to start to farm. For others it was making it out west to be a logger, a person who cuts down trees and sells the wood. They would find large areas for farms and thick forests in the Coastal Range region for logging. But for others it was for freedom. Escaped slaves went to the west to start a new life away from slavery in the South.

15. Population growth in the eastern states

16. Look where all the people live!

17. Availability of cheap, fertile land

18. All this cheap land now!!

19. Logging, Farming

20. Freedom for African American Slaves

21. In 1848, a huge discovery happened: they found gold in California! This sparked a gold rush, a sudden rush of people to an area where fold has been found. In 1849, 90,000 people traveled to California to find gold for money! They were known as forty-niners. They would mine and sift for gold. The work was very hard, but many people wanted to find their fortunes in this new west. They would send water and soil down long ramps and men would separate the gold nuggets from the soil. Many people found their fortune, but many more did not.

22. California Gold Rush

24. Mining for gold

27. “ I am going west to start a new life. I hope I will find a job there, but after being a slave, the best thin I will find is _________________________” “I have heard that there are any tremendous trees in the Oregon Territory. I am planning to start a career in ____________________” We get reports that they’re finding nuggets the size of marbles in California... nuggets of ________________, that is.” “ I want to start a big farm, maybe grow some corn or wheat. I have been told there’s lots of fertile _______________ in the west, and it is cheap and plentiful.” “ It is so __________________________ here in Virginia. I need my room to spread out. I am heading out to the Oregon Territory”

28. They would have had to travel over many different regions. They would have to go over the Appalachian Mountains, across the rivers of the Interior Lowlands, across the dry Great Plains, over the tall Rocky Mountains, and over the mountains and valleys of the Coastal Range region. There were Native Americans along the way that did not want to lose their land. There were animals that would attack. It was not an easy task!!

29. How do we get out there?

31. What was the easiest way? By water of course! Many travelers traveled around the tip of South America to reach the west, or by boat on the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers! New forms of transportation, such as canals and steam-powered boats, allowed people to travel and to sell their goods quickly. A canal is an artificially improved river to make it easier and faster for people to sail down the rivers. The most important canal to be created was the Erie Canal in New York. This canal linked Lake Erie to the Atlantic Ocean. What used to take 20 days to get to New York City was now 8!! Steam- boats made the travel on water much quicker. Robert Fulton created the first steamboat, and soon they were riding up and down the Ohio, Mississippi, and Missouri Rivers! They allowed people to move west quicker and cheaper!! What is a canal?

32. Canals- raise and lower water so boats can go up and down

33. Erie Canal

35. Steamboat

36. Robert Fulton creates first steamboat

37. The most difficult way was across the harsh United States landscape. How did the people travel? Not in cars, but in a wagon being pulled by a horse!! The travel was difficult. The pioneers would travel in a caravan, or a group of pioneers to be safe. They would have to cross over rivers, fight Native Americans, and scale mountains. It was not easy and extremely long. How did they know where they were going? They had knowledge of overland trails such as the Oregon Trail, the Santa Fe Trail, and the California Trail. These trails allowed thousands of people to head west to settle the new land. Before long, new technology like the steam powered train made the crossing across the land much faster, safer, and cheaper! What is a caravan? What are the overland trails that they knew of? What new technology made it much easier?

38. Oregon Trail

41. Santa Fe Trail

42. Would travel in a wagon train– tough going– many obstacles

43. Cheaper Transportation

44. Stations

45. Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward movement Population growth in the eastern states Availability of cheap, fertile land Economic opportunity, e.g., gold (California Gold Rush), logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves) USI.8b

46. Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward movement Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe) USI.8b Oregon Trail Santa Fe trail

47. Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—The idea that expansion was for the good of the country and was the right of the country USI.8b

48. Cheaper and faster transportation, e.g., rivers and canals (Erie Canal), steamboats

50. Class Split class into east and west

51. With all of the new territories, the land is so cheap and its really fertile land. I can grow almost any crop I want to! It only costs me about 50 cents an ACRE!!!!!!!!!!!!

52. It is 1849 and I traveled to California because there is GOLD, GOLD, GOLD!!! There is too much for just me! But wow is there a lot of gold!!!

53. As a farmer there is a lot a lot of land to grow crops to sell back east!!!!! Cotton, Grains, Corn, Wheat can all be grown out here. And I have such an enormous farm because there is so much land!!

54. As an escaped slave, coming out west there is soooo much land to be free from my masters in the South. Without this land I would have been captured in the east. I tell all escaped slaves to move west for the new freedom of land!!

55. I have moved out west to find millions of redwood trees. They are enormous!!!! I can cut them down and send them back east to build houses, railroads, steamboats, and other goods. I can smell the money!!!!