1. Post Revolutionary America

2. Impact of Revolution External French Revolution Abolition movements End of the Church of England Social law Internal Federalists v. Anti-Federalists Presidential role Checks/Balances Funding Land

3. CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES Federalists, Anti-Federalists, and Ratification

4. New Issues Constitution-what should be included? Articles of Confederation-fix or new? Central v. decentralized government Democracy v. Republic National v. State Government Individual rights Tyranny Activity: Review the Constitution and Bill of Rights (we will go over bill of rights later)

5. Viewpoints Federalists “Nationalists” Supporters of Constitution Strong central gov’t Washington, Madison Well funded, well organized, used print Excessive democracy=a problem Anti-Federalists Opposed ratification Strong state gov’t Supported farmers Sam Adams, Patrick Henry Too much government power=tyranny Worried about tax No protection of individual rights

6. Viewpoints READ: Federalists v. Anti-Federalist statements 1.Anti-Fed 2.Fed 3.Fed 4.Fed 5.Fed 6.Anti-Fed 7.Fed 8.Anti-Fed 9.Fed 10.Anti-Fed 11.Anti-Fed 12.Fed 13.Fed 14.Anti-Fed 15.Anti-Fed

7. REVIEW! 1.What did the Federalists stand for? What did the Anti-Federalists stand for? 2 things EACH 2.What are the first 3 branches of the Constitution (IN ORDER)? 3.What is the name of the clause that makes states recognize licenses/marriage certificates? 4.What is the name of the clause that allows the government to make laws not directly stated in the constitution? 5.What was the purpose of including a Bill of Rights and which side supported them?

8. Federalist Papers James Madison, A Hamilton, John Jay 85 anonymous letters 2 reasons to support: – Strong government to protect US in foreign affairs – Keeps local interest groups from dominating

9. Executive Office Most feared by Antifederalists How should it be run? By who? What qualifications? What if the President is no good? How do you convince people he is not a King? Hamilton answers with Federalist Papers; ACTIVITY: What are the powers of the Executive? Compare to AoC/Today’s Powers?

10. Questions to Consider 1.What is Hamilton’s argument to the Anti- Federalists? How does he compromise with their fear? 2.Compare Hamilton’s powers to today’s Presidential powers. Similarities? Differences?

11. Constitution Accepted, Bill of Rights Approved…

12. WHEN DOES REVOLUTION END?

13. FEDERALIST ERA 1789-1801 Washington, Adams, Jefferson

14. Washington: President Founding Father, National Hero for military service Privately feared weak central government – Federalist Bare outline of duties (Federalist Papers) Firmness, Integrity Set precedents 1 st term, clouded 2 nd term

15. PRECEDENT (n) An event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances

16. Washington: Cabinet Cabinet: board of advisors Desired to work WITH the Legislature, not against it Secretary of State: Jefferson Treasury: Hamilton War: Henry Knox A.G.: Edmund Randolph Cabinet Positions Today: https://www.whitehouse.go v/administration/cabinet

17. How would you run the White House? Activity 1: Forming a Cabinet Follow the 3 directions on your sheet. Must have at least 4 cabinet positions. Activity 2: Parties- Pros and Cons list (H v. J) Who would you support? Explain why. Compare to today: What are the viewpoints of the 2 major parties today? Where do you stand? Parties quiz: http://www.people- press.org/quiz/political-typology/http://www.people- press.org/quiz/political-typology/

18. Presidential Affairs Domestic Affairs Inaugural Address 1 st Cabinet Court System: Judiciary Act 1789 Debt/1 st National Bank Whiskey Rebellion Political Parties Foreign Affairs French Revolution British tensions – Jay’s Treaty NEUTRALITY Native Americans – Treaty of Greenville Spain – Pinkney’s Treaty

19. Domestic Affairs Judiciary Act 1789 – Article III of Const. – Est. Supreme Court – Congress is given power to create inferior courts – Amendment 4 & 8 – Federal v. State courts: who has more power? Debt: 1 st National Bank – Domestic/Foreign debts; Rampant inflation – State “IOU’s”=worthless Hamilton’s Plan: 1. Assume state debts and pay it off at face value 2. Protect industries by putting a tariff on imported goods 3. Create a National Bank and U.S. currency

20. Opponents WashingDONE

21. National Bank Accepted Modified National Bank: 1.Debt: Agree to Hamilton’s assumption of debt BUT capital must be moved to Potomac River (Named after GW’s death) 2.Tariff: lower than what Hamilton wanted BUT Congress agreed to excise tax 3.Bank: J v. H on Elastic Clause; Washington writes Bank into law

22. Whiskey Rebellion 1791: first federal tax on domestic product – Excise: taxes paid on a specific product PA 1794: Farmers revolt; medium of exchange How should the president respond?

23. Washington Sets Precedent Sends peace negotiators to talk with demonstrators Backs PA governor to collect tax Sends 13,000 Militia men to enforce National Government can suppress resistance to its laws

24. REVIEW! Explain the significance of each domestic precedent set by President Washington: 1.Inaugural Address/Appearance 2.Judiciary Act of 1789 3.Cabinet 4.National Bank 5.Whiskey Rebellion

25. Foreign Affairs: France After the French help the Americans, they too have a revolution Similar ideas, different outcomes Should America help?

28. Relations with Europe Issue: Radicals in France kill the King and Queen, declare a revolution and declare war on British/Spanish monarchs US trades with all countries… PRECEDENT 1793: GW declares the US is “Friendly and Impartial to both countries”- Neutrality Jefferson resigns from Sect. of State

29. “Citizen” Genet Edward Charles Genet French minister; appeals to the STATES Encourages privateering of British ships Congress debates on what to do with him- Genet ignores government policies Try to send him home BUT power changes in France- keeps him in US

30. British navy starts seizing neutral ships headed to French ports Rumors; Native American attacks “supported by Canada” GW sends John Jay to Great Britain to create a treaty and prevent a war What has Washington’s stance been so far? Britain Gets Involved

31. Jay’s Treaty 1794 New nation is not ready for a war again! 1 year to negotiate: Britain agrees to evacuate posts on western frontier US gets “most favored nation” status in trade with Great Britain… Extremely unpopular; narrowly passed by Senate Washington keeps his neutrality

33. Pinckney’s Treaty Thomas Pinckney from South Carolina Spain sees US “getting closer” with GB… Spain approaches the US about making a treaty to protect its New World claim- NEUTRALITY (seeing a pattern?) Spain gives US access to Mississippi River and New Orleans; soothes Western farmers Right to Deposit: can trade (deposit) goods using the N.O. port and not pay Spanish tariff

36. Ohio River Valley: steady move west Native American chief Little Turtle forms Western Confederation of Native American groups to resist Little Turtle beats US army in two embarrassing losses (1790-1791) Washington sends massive amounts of troops, finally defeats Little Turtle (1794) at Battle of Fallen Timbers Native Americans

37. Greenville Treaty Defeated: 12 of the Native American groups from the Confederation sign the Fort Greenville Treaty with the US Native Americans agree to give up their land for $10,000 annually from the federal government Effect: Ohio Territory opened up to settlement

39. Washington’s Farewell Address Washington wrote a letter, addressed to the people of the United States, announcing he would not run again Three main ideas 1.Avoid sectionalism, stay away from Political Parties 2.DON’T get involved in the politics of other nations; NEUTRALITY 3.DON’T make permanent foreign alliances; NEUTRALITY

40. Goodbye George

41. Review 1.What was the U.S.’s relationship with France at the end of Washington’s presidency? 2.What was the U.S.’s relationship with Britain at the end of Washington’s presidency? 3.What advice did Washington give during his Farewell address?

42. Election of 1796 Federalist Candidate: John Adams Republican Candidate: Thomas Jefferson Electoral College-How do you decide? John Adams Wins!! Problems?

43. Who is John Adams? Federalist blunt, patriot, intellect Delegate from MA for CC European diplomat VP to Washington; leading contender for President position Married to Abigail Adams Son=6 th President JQA VP=Jefferson (HOW?!) Vigorous foreign policy

44. Review Federalists Hamilton Strong government Industry, landowners, merchants Banking interests Britain Democratic Republicans Jefferson Limited powers, states rights Small business, farmers Bank=too much power France

45. Quasi War with France Treaties: What treaties have we made? French are upset by Jay’s Treaty; start seizing US ships headed to Great Britain – Federalists call for WAR with France – Who supports France? John Marshall, Charles Pinckney, and Elbridge Gerry go to France to negotiate in 1797 They run into French Agents X, Y, an Z

46. XYZ Affair French Directory: French Secret Agents (called X, Y, and Z) refuse to receive diplomats US must pay a bribe/loan before negotiations can begin Quasi-War with France 1798 – Taxes raised to pay for a military (Hamilton) – Only war fought completely on the sea

47. Quasi War Convention of 1800: France cannot afford the war Agrees to receive envoy; peace talks France releases US from Treaty of 1778; Hamiltonians furious with Adams

48. Domestic Conflict Quasi War impacts U.S. at home: Federalists v. Democratic Republicans – Who started the war? Federalists – Who badmouthed the President? D.R.’s Fed’s strong: pass new laws restricting DR’s – Adams resents the statements made about him in papers

49. Domestic Conflict Can the Federalists use the power necessary to protect America against those who opposed it without using that power against those who opposed them? HOW?

51. Alien and Sedition Act 1. Naturalization: Immigrants must wait 14 years to become citizens (they usually voted DR) 2. Alien Friends Act: Any immigrant could be deported without trial if deemed “dangerous to the peace” to the United States 3. Alien Enemies Act: Can detain immigrants 14+ years from a hostile nation during a time of war 4.Sedition Act : Illegal to publish anything “false, scandalous, or malicious” about the Prez or Congress; penalty=fines or imprisonment

52. Is this Constitutional???? WHY OR WHY NOT?

53. VA and KY say NO! Response to Alien and Sedition Act: DR challenges the legitimacy of federal authority over the states Both states argue the A&S Act to be UNCONSTITUTIONAL Madison with Virginia: public should oppose, universal alarm Jefferson with Kentucky: states should be able to nullify unconstitutional fed. laws

54. Nullification Nullify: make of no use or value; cancel out; invalidate Can states do this? Why or why not?

55. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Virginia Resolutions argue interposition— States can place themselves between the people and the federal government to stop an illegal action of the government Kentucky Resolutions argue nullification— States can declare an unconstitutional federal law to by invalid

56. End Result? Alien and Sedition Acts/split in Federalist party costs Adams the 1800 election – DR organized, strong-Jefferson Alien FRIENDS act expires 1801, Sedition Act expires 1800 Alien ENEMY act is kept…used during WWII for Japanese Internment camps Adams retires to his home; Jeffersonian era begins