1. Light microscopy Lysmikroskopi MENA3100,OBK, 20.04.16 Repetition, exercises and more

2. 1.3Specimen Preparation OK to read 1.4.1Bright-Field and Dark-FieldDefinetly 1.4.2Phase-ContrastCursori 1.4.3Polarized-LightDefinetly 1.4.4NormarskiWe have it … 1.4.5FluorescenceCursori 1.5ConfocalCursori 1.2Instrumentation Yes 1.1Optical Principles Yes

4. Eyepice Okular Objective M = M 1 × M 2

5. 1000 X

6. 2000 X

7. 10 000 X

8. 100 000 X

9. 50  m

10. Magnification vs. resolution Forstørrelse vs. oppløsningsevne

11. p. 5 Effective magnification Resolution of the eye is around 0.2 mm Resolution limit is about 0.2 µm M eff ≈ 0.2 mm 0.2×10 −3 mm = 1000

12. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014 was awarded jointly to Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and William E. Moerner "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy". But:

13. Diffraction limit the Rayleigh criterion Airy disk

15. Numerical aperture (NA) NA = nsin  R = 0,61 /NA Resolution Oppløsning

16. Objectives for oil immersion Brightness = (NA)/M 2 Reflective: (NA)/M 4

17. Conjugate focal planes Köhler system

18. Chromatic aberration Spherical aberrasjon Astigmatism

19. CorrectionsObjective Acromate: Chromatic for red and blue, spherical for green Semi-acromate (fluorite) Apochromate: Chromatic for red, green, blue and dark blue, spherical for green and blue

20. Optical axis Through the centre is not deflected Parallell to the optical axis goes through back focal plane f (Through focal plane before lense becomes parallel optical axis.) f Projected onto a screen Distance one to two focal lengths

21. hm...

22. s (= v)s’s’ f ff

23. Object Real image (Primary image) Real image on retina Virtuell image OBS! Error in figure hm...

24. All rays originated from the same point are collected here Image plane All rays spread in the same direction are collected here Diffraction plane Fourier plane

25. Mørkefelt og lysfelt Darkfield and brightfield

27. Can observe stress/strain

28. Optical anisotropy Calcite

29. Optically active crystals in the microscope