1. PEOPLE ON THE MOVE

2. Away from their country... but where?  1st STEP: INTERNAL MIGRATION First half of 19th century: men and boys left Val di Non to go in Lombardy, Veneto and Tuscany. Bricklayers, hawkers, smiths, painters and others artcrafts moved on foot towards villages and cities offering their services. They slept in barns, they spoke the local dialect, usually difficult to understand and in spring they returned home with the earnings of the season. First half of 19th century: men and boys left Val di Non to go in Lombardy, Veneto and Tuscany. Bricklayers, hawkers, smiths, painters and others artcrafts moved on foot towards villages and cities offering their services. They slept in barns, they spoke the local dialect, usually difficult to understand and in spring they returned home with the earnings of the season.

3. 2th step CONTINENTAL MIGRATION: 2th step CONTINENTAL MIGRATION: Second half of the 19th century: it showed a continuous flow of temporary migration towards Central Europe for the construction of bridges, roads, viaducts, aqueducts and military fortifications. Most of them went in Austria, Germany, Bosnia, Spain, France and Belgium. These workers were called EISIMPONERI from the German Eisenbahn, (railroad) They left their village in spring and returned in autumn. In these countries they learned many skills. Second half of the 19th century: it showed a continuous flow of temporary migration towards Central Europe for the construction of bridges, roads, viaducts, aqueducts and military fortifications. Most of them went in Austria, Germany, Bosnia, Spain, France and Belgium. These workers were called EISIMPONERI from the German Eisenbahn, (railroad) They left their village in spring and returned in autumn. In these countries they learned many skills.

4.  3rd step: overseas migration  1874: departure towards Brazil. The Brazilian state offered large amounts of land with a very low price and free travel. 1914: People from Trentino in those lands were about 30.000. In Brazil they found wide forests occupied by Indios. Once established, the peasants were left to themselves. What they had left at home was more than they had found in Brazil. After 1900: emigration to the United States reached its highest point. These workers were responsible for digging in the mines, plowing the land and building cities.

6. LIFE ON BOARD IIIIn the steamship they slept badly and ate very poor and disgusting food. Women and children slept apart from the men crammed in the hold. The conditions on board were impossible. The diseases were very common. The Genoa-New York trip lasted about 11 days. BBBBefore boarding they had to pass medical examination and pay about 200 crowns.

7. ELLIS ISLAND HARBOUR  Journey of the passengers in 3rd class: They were loaded onto boats and transported to Ellis Island. All had two medical examinations: who was not in a state of perfect health was quarantined. The patient was isolated, treated and observed for at least 40 days.  Those who were in a perfect health were interrogated by a commission and if everything was ok, they became immigrant and they could reach the Battery, on the east shore of Brooklyn.  Those who were in a perfect health were interrogated by a commission and if everything was ok, they became immigrant and they could reach the Battery, on the east shore of Brooklyn.

8. The reasons why people left Trentino were - Cultivated plants fell ill, the vines were attacked by cryptogam, grape production declined and the economy resented for two decades; A flood in September 1882 destroyed the crops; The population increased dramatically; The lands were broken up into small properties The fertile land was unsatisfactory Taxes and duties increased The desire to improve the standard of life - Cultivated plants fell ill, the vines were attacked by cryptogam, grape production declined and the economy resented for two decades; A flood in September 1882 destroyed the crops; The population increased dramatically; The lands were broken up into small properties The fertile land was unsatisfactory Taxes and duties increased The desire to improve the standard of life

9. News about Italian migration  (1876-1910) Emigration towards Europe increased: from 400.000 to 2.500.000 Towards America: from 130.000 to 3.500.000 (1910-1930) Because of the war there was a decrease in the emigration flow towards Europe; from 1.360.000 to 450,000 towards America; from 1.000.000 to 220.000 Between 1940 and 1970 emigration increased again towards l'Europa about 2.000.000 people, towards America, about 1.000.000

10. Trentini in the world  50% of the inhabitants in Val di Non, Vallagarina and Valsugana left their villages. In the world, there are about 60 million Italians, 30 million only in Brazil People that left their villages and families were poor and usually had many children. At the end of the 19th century those who left for Brazil had an average of 8 children. After 1945 a train left every day for Belgium with an average of 900 people In Belgium, they worked in the mines. In the terrible accident in Marcinelles in Belgium on 8th August 1956, 262 people died, including some from Trentino

11. Zucal Giacomo Angeli Tommaso Classe III A Prof.ssa Giuliana Brentari