1. BRAC University April 2013 Sustainable development Impact of development on environment

2. BRAC University April 2013 Introduction  There is a general consensus all over the world on need to integrate environmental concerns in development planning and management.  Some see concerns for environment as efforts to control development. Some claim that their business will loose competitive edge. But this is not correct.  What is aimed at is “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT”  In Bangladesh, are we following routes towards Sustainable development?  on paper --- yes.  in practice --- no.

3. BRAC University April 2013 Introduction ( contd…) In 2000, the UN had set 8 MDGs, which is an agenda for improving the human condition by 2015. The 7 th MDG deals with the environmental sustainability. Environmental sustainability and human well-being are very closely related. Environmental sustainability is a must for any strategy for pro-poor growth. In Bangladesh a large number of the population live below poverty line. For them, the environment provides the vital resources for their livelihoods. Present day approach on sustainable development is documented in the JPoI, (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation), or, WSSD outcome that combines recommendations of Agenda 21, various Multi-lateral Environmental Agreements and the targets of MDGs.

4. BRAC University April 2013 Sustainable Development The Brundtland Commission defines sustainable development as – “the development that meets the need of the present, without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs”. Sustainable development ensures..” a harmonious process of social and economic betterment that satisfies the needs and values of all interest groups while maintaining future opportunities and conserving natural resources and biological diversity” “… even the narrow notion of the physical sustainability implies the concerns of social equity between generations, a concern that must logically be extended to equity within each generation”.

5. BRAC University April 2013 Sustainable Development Development – meet needs of people and improve their living standard. Conservation – maintain the capital represented in natural resources Focus on only development may lead to serious and often irreversible degradation of nature and ecosystem Development and conservation have to be taken together.

6. BRAC University April 2013 MDG and targets Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1.1 : Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 a day Target 1.2 Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people Target 1.3: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger. Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Target 2. Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary Schooling.

7. BRAC University April 2013 MDG and targets Goal 3 : Promote gender equality and empower women Target 3: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and in all levels of education no later than 2015. Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Target 4: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate. Goal 5 : Improve maternal health Target 5.1 : Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio. Target 5.2 Achieve universal access to reproductive health

8. BRAC University April 2013 MDG and targets Goal 6 : Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Target 6.1 : Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS. Target 6.2 Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it Target 6.3: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major disease.

9. BRAC University April 2013 MDG and targets Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability Target 7.1 : Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and program and reverse the loss of environmental resources. Target 7.2 Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss Target 7.3: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. Target 7.4 : Have achieved, by 2020, a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers.

10. BRAC University April 2013 Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Target 8.1: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non- discriminatory trading and financial system Target 8.2: Address the special needs of least developed countries Target 8.3: Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States Target 8.4: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries Target 8.5: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries Target 8.6 In cooperation with the private sector, make available benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

11. BRAC University April 2013 Global Issues Climate Change –intense rainfalls as well as Erratic rainfall pattern –higher incidence of storm and surges –Increase in floods as well as droughts –sea level rise and increase in salinity Desertification process Loss of Biodiversity Ozone layer depletion

12. BRAC University April 2013 Climate change is now real. A stable situation is not likely to be achieved soon. The IPCC- 4 th Assessment Report (2007) concluded, and re-confirmed by 5 th Report in 2013, that global warming is unequivocally the result of human activities. Scientific consensus is clear; now the whole world collectively needs to urgently focus on what to do about it. CC has risen to the top of international political agenda as well as national development planning and management Is Climate Change real ?

13. BRAC University April 2013 Probable adverse impacts Hydro-meteorological events Increase in annual rainfall Increase in droughts Occurrence of short duration heavy rainfall Rainfall at unexpected time Rise in temperature Increase in cyclones and storm surge events Other Impacts Sea level rise –Increase in salinity in coastal belt –Inundation of coastal plains Snow melting and GLOFs Increase in river and coastal erosion Increase in vector borne disease

14. BRAC University April 2013 Population and bearing capacity Food security, water security, energy security, health security and security for livelihood Sustainable Agriculture (Land+Water+Soil+Fish+Livestock+Crop etc.) Depletion of Forest resources Disappearance of Wetland and Fisheries Loss of Biodiversity and medicinal plants Rapid Urbanization Degradation of natural resources base Some National Issues