1. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 BTF @ LNF DAFNE Beam Test Facility (BTF). From single up to 10 10 e - /e +,  and neutrons B. Buonomo, G. Mazzitelli, L. Quintieri, P. Valente, with the support of the DAFNE operators and accelerator division staff and all the users who help us developing diagnostic and improving the facility

2. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 The DA  NE BTF The BTF is a e  /e  test-beam facility in the Frascati DA  NE collider complex BTF high current Linac:  1  500 mA e  100 mA e ,  1 - 10 ns pulses, at least 10 7 particles Need to attenuate the primary beam:  Single particle regime is ideal for detector testing purposes  Allows to tune the beam intensity  Allows to tune the beam energy Need to attenuate the primary beam:  Single particle regime is ideal for detector testing purposes  Allows to tune the beam intensity  Allows to tune the beam energy

3. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 BTF layout LINAC tunnel main ring BTF Hall momentum analyzer 4 m 5.5 m Hall control room

4. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Selected energy (MeV) N. of particles detector 1e- 2e- 3e- 0 LINAC beam attenuation W slits 45 0 magnet tunable Cu target: 1.7, 2.0, 2.3 X 0 LINAC Beam 1-500 mA 0 100300 500 1 10 10 2 10 3

5. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Number (particles/pulse) 1  10 5 1  10 10 Energy(MeV)25-50025  750 Repetition rate (Hz)20-5050 Pulse Duration (ns)101 or 10 p resolution 1% Spot size (mm)  x,y ≈ 2 (single particle) up to 10*10 (high multiplicity) Divergence (mmrad)  ’ x,y ≈ 2 (single particle) up to 10 (high multiplicity) BTF beam characteristic Beam (e - or e + ) intensity can be adjusted by means of the energy dispersion and collimators, down to single particle per pulses Multi-purpose facility: H.E. detector calibration and setup Low energy calorimetry & resolution Low energy electromagnetic interaction studies High multiplicity efficiency Detectors aging and efficiency Beam diagnostics

6. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 DAFNE-L BTF Operation … The BTF was commissioned in 2002 and start operation with users since the beginning of 2003. Beam is delivered 24 h/day with an efficiency of 96% but when in parasitic mode together with DAFNE main operation the duty cycle is degraded ~ 45% due to continuous injection into the main ring. In 2004 a dedicated transfer line was build and in 2006 a fast pulsed power supply has been installed increasing the duty cycle up ~ 90%. beam request in last 4 years (multi users are counted twice) 2007 - 224 days 2006 - 244 days 2005 - 364 days 2004 - 282 days 2006-2007 DAFNE run users requests

7. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Present RUN 193 days in 2008. A typical real access 80-90% of allocated time

8. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Equipment: infrastructure 4 m 5.5 m Linac tunnel Control room: Pc’s, Controls console, printer cabling, crate and racks, etc main entrance: radioprotection wall can be removed on demand one meeting room (WiFi) one guest office (LAN-WiFi)

9. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Equipment: infrastructure C 4 H 10 CO 2 Noble Gas C2H6C2H6  permanent DAQ TDC/QDC/ADC/scaler/disc. available  NIM, VME, CAMAC Branch, VME controllers  ‘Devil’/VMIC VME and CAMAC controller, NIM modules  Remotely controlled trolley  Gas system  HV system…  crates, rack, etc.  HV SY2527 (3/4KV neg, 3/4KV pos, 15KV pos)  40 ch. CAEN SY127 pos.  Cabling BTF HALL-BTF CR  Network: Wi-Fi, dedicated-LAN, WAN, printer http://www.lnf.infn.it/acceleratori/btf/

10. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Equipment: Diagnostics low multiplicity diagnostic (1-100): (back detector) lead glass, 5×5×35 - 10×10×35 cm PbWO 4 crystal 3*3*11 cm lead/scintillator fibers (KLOE type), 25×50×30 cm NaI high resolution 30×30 cm (front/trigger detector/not destructive/tracking) multipurpose plastic scintillators 10x10x0.5 cm, 10x30x0.5 cm, 1x15x0,5 cm hodoscope; two bundle of 1 mm fiber for a total active area of 48x48 mm2 Silicon tracker (high gain) 3GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) detector 2×2 mm spot size in Silicon XY chamber 2×2 mm spot size in fiber hodoscope

11. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Examples of experimental setup (P326 Prototype inefficiency 200 MeV) - no tagging - tagging - tagging loose - FC max - N/Ntot - FC min energy spectrum inefficiency VS threshold

12. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Example of experimental setup (MEG) sci-fi profile detector beam exit back detector (NaI calorimeter) detector (MEG test for sci time resolution) e- spectra on line monitor XY beam sci-profile

13. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 BTF photon tagged source AGILE GRID photon calibration AGILE GRID spectrometer silicon tagging target silicon detector The AGILE Gamma Ray Imaging Detector calibration at BTF is aimed at obtaining detailed data on all possible geometries and conditions. BTF can provide data in the most significant energy region (20-700 MeV) Be window

14. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Equipment: Diagnostics (con’t) medium multiplicity diagnostic (100-10 8 ): (front detector/not destructive) Cerenkov light emission Silicon Beam Chamber (low and tunable gain) Triple GEM TPC (under development) high multiplicity diagnostic (10 7 -10 10 ): (front detector) low noise (3×10 6 particles) BCM high sensitivity fluorescence flags – cromox, Be, yag:ce

15. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Compact-Triple Projection GEM BTF beam It’s essentially a small TPC with a 3-4 cm drift Also high current beam can be monitored in position (TDC) and dE/dX (ADC) The detector will be realized with standard 10x10 cm 2 GEMs inside a G10 box; the readout will be realized with - ASDQ (first phase) at CERN for test beam - then Carioca Cards (second phase) at BTF Possible DE/Dx measurements (LVDS width proportional to signal charge) 16 samples for each readout ASDQ or Carioca GEM box cross section F. Murtas et all

16. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 RAP experiment @ BTF

17. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Background attenuation A tungsten box is going to be installed in order to shield the high divergent beam coming from the Cu degrader target – an attenuation of ~ 100 is expected by simulation (FLUKA) High current LINAC beam tunable Cu target  attenuation n attenuation BOX: W=40 cm; H=50 cm, L=50cm 2.5 cm of DENSIMET-180: (95% W + 0.5 % Fe-Ni) 2.5 cm of 5% BORON Polyethylene

18. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Idea for a neutron facility @ BTF General interest of BTF scientific community for the neutron production at BTF Possibility to test detector diagnostic at low neutron flux and low energy Generation of the knowhow needed for next generation of high energy source (see FEL) Possibility to have a new European facility in ISO standard

19. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Study of optimized target: lead TGT sphere R=12X0 Fluka result:1.6826 10 -1 neutron/primary Up to 100 MeV the spectrum is described as a Maxwellian distribution with average around 1 MeV Approaching the higher energies the Quasi-Deuteron Effects adds a tail of high- energy neutrons to the Giant resonance spectrum. The slope becomes stepper as the incident electron energy is approached Monte Carlo simulation ( by Fluka code)

20. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 BTF Experimental Hall Experimental Set-up Target with multiple beam extraction lines (MC model) e- beam neutron exit at different angle Transfer Line study supported and founded by CNS5 in Sep. 2008 to realize the target, beam dumper and trolley

21. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Application form to access BTF Pasquale Di NezzaPasquale Di Nezza - INFN, LNF Flavio GattiFlavio Gatti - INFN, Genova Clara MatteuzziClara Matteuzzi (Chairperson) - INFN, Milano Giovanni MazzitelliGiovanni Mazzitelli (Responsible) - INFN, LNF Antonio PasseriAntonio Passeri - INFN, Roma III Paolo ValentePaolo Valente - INFN, Roma I Beam Test Facility Secretariat:Beam Test Facility Secretariat: Annette Donkerlo

22. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Access BTF @ LNF btf@lnf.infn.it for scientific and technical question.btf@lnf.infn.it btfsupport@lnf.infn.it for administration support.btfsupport@lnf.infn.it Mailing list INFN scientific CN coordinators INFN group responsible BTF users

23. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 General information The BTF was widely used as a TARI facility in the EU 6 th Framework Program …and will be involved in the EU 7 th Framework Program technical documentation for users and operators is available on the web as well as beam request, shift archive, schedule, documentation, virtual logbook, etc http://www.lnf.infn.it/acceleratori/btf/

24. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Job 50% done by temporary employ at risk… Thanks for your attention, http://www.lnf.infn.it/acceleratori/btf

25. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Spare

26. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 50 MeV Calorimetric counting limited to few tens of MeV, due to energy resolution calorimetric is OK at low intensity, not for high multiplicity beams: e.g. the AIRFLY experiment, designed to measure absolute fluorescence yield in air and its energy dependence, needs:  full energy range  maximum beam intensity calorimetric is OK at low intensity, not for high multiplicity beams: e.g. the AIRFLY experiment, designed to measure absolute fluorescence yield in air and its energy dependence, needs:  full energy range  maximum beam intensity number of produced electrons counted by total energy deposited in lead/scintillating fiber calorimeter (KLOE type): limited to few tens of particles, due to saturation effects

27. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Defocused Beam profile (AGILE Si tracker) 410  m thick, single-side, AC coupled strips, 121  m pitch, 242  m readout pitch 2 layers (x,y)  384 strips, analog readout Optimal focusing at 493 MeV, measured spot size:   2  2 mm 2 Beam spot measured with all transfer line quadrupoles off: 55  35 mm 2, limited by vacuum pipe section

28. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 cladded scintillating fibers, Pol.Hi.Tech type 0046, 1 mm diameter  4 layers of fibers glued together  staggered by ½ fiber to minimize dead zones  A permanent beam position and size monitor needed, both for beam steering and optimization purposes, and for providing useful information for detector testing, complementing the beam intensity monitors  Such a position sensitive detector should have:  negligible mass, not to spoil beam characteristics (energy, divergence, spot size)  good resolution, as compared to beam typical size (1 mm required)  sensitivity both for single particle (even at low energy) and at high beam intensity Sci-fi profile detector

29. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Sci-fi profile detector x (mm) y (mm)  Charge weighted profiles for x and y fiber bundles H size (mm) E (MeV) energy dependence of the beam spot size Consistent with beam image from Silicon tracker

30. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 detector, designed and built, in collaboration with the AIRFLY group, based on Cerenkov light emission  Cross-calibrated with calorimetric measurement at low particle multiplicity  Used to monitor beam intensity at higher intensity up 10 4  10 5 particles, in the full energy range PMT filter Plexiglas radiator Cerenkov beam monitor dynamical range can be further extended:  calibrated optical filter in front of the PMT  use air as Cerenkov radiator detector tested up to 10 10 particles with a cross calibration with BCM 45 o mirror

31. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 No optical filter Calorimeter/Cerenkov calibration Cerenkov beam monitor Cerenkov/Calorimeter ratioCalorimeter :10 optical filter (measured attenuation = 0.096) Cerenkov/Calorimeter ratioCalorimeter

32. G. Mazzitelli – CSN1 La Sapienza -28 Jan. 2009 Beam profile (FLAG fluorescence target) SIDHHARTA Flag = metallic high fluorescence plate viewed by a camera Different fluorescence targets(Be, cromox, yag:ce) for very low current beam diagnostics Very low current beam image on 1 Inc yag:ce