1. QQML 8 th Conference – London, U.K., May 2016 Dr. Valeda F. Dent, Principal Investigator, Long Island University Coding Team: Ed Keane, Kimberly Mullins, Paula Patino, Eamon Tewell, Natalia Tomlin

2. Why Use An Ethnographic Approach? A good way to explore the student culture and experience. We recognize we actually know very little about how students get their work done outside of the classroom. Exploration within the context of students’ everyday life. We wanted to challenge our assumptions. We wanted evidence to support new spaces, services and resources.

3. Previous Studies

4. Our Study Began Summer 2012 20 library faculty & staff IRB approved Two main campuses Three phases Surveys Interviews Observations

9. 32 hours of observation at two campus libraries on different days and times of the week. Trained library staff took ethnographic “field notes” and conducted unobtrusive observations. Used survey results to provide context for observations, make connections, & recognize patterns. Observers recorded what they saw and their own interpretations.

10. Observations

11. Proximity- seeking Cocooning Going & Coming Multitasking with technology Sharing apps especially international students Headphones Seated in groups but working as individuals

13. Interviews Used observation data and survey data to develop ethnographic interview questions (semi-structured interviews that follow the lead of the interviewee). Lots of “show me” questions. Completed 30 interviews on two main campuses. Question examples: When you study, do you have more than one electronic device in use? If yes to the above, can you describe the other electronic devices in use at this same time (laptop, iPad, cell phone)? Do you ever listen to audio such as music, tutorials, etc. on headphones while you are studying? If you do, can you describe what you typically listen to?

15. Thematic Coding & Codebook Codebooks are highly individualized compilations of organized information from research activities that allow the researchers to organize, describe, share and analyze data. Coding team of six library faculty working together (having achieved IR agreement). Code book developed over many months and applied to interview and observation transcripts. 459 total codes We coded: questions phenomena such as behaviors, stated beliefs, stated opinions, actions, activities, preferences, events, etc. location and time major themes and subthemes**

16. A Snapshot: Codebook SPSS

17. Observation Coding

18. Interview Coding

20. Exploring the Data Triangulation Cross-verification of data from the same phenomenon or study. All phases provide different information and inform one another. Survey data Interview transcripts Observations

21. Transforming Data Ethnographic projects typically collect qualitative data. We wanted to analyze qualitative and quantitative data statistically, so we had to transform our qualitative responses into quantifiable pieces. Qualitative codes Present in the interview/observation? Assign quantity in SPSS IDGRPPREFINDPREFCLOUDUSEPRINTBOO KS POB1411.000 POB14001.000 BOB1351.00 00 BOB136001.00

22. Data Analysis

23. Themes & Triangulated Exploration Survey Significant relationship between library website use and quantity of research papers Observations Observed students using library website while engaged in school work Interviews 75% of interviewees reported using library website for research

24. Themes & Triangulated Exploration – Print vs. eBooks INTERVIEWSURVEY

25. Themes & Triangulated Exploration – Non-Library Resource Use INTERVIEWSURVEY

26. What We Changed Explorations related to “Second Year Experience” services Librarians involved with Writing Center, LIU Promise, First Year Experience, & Learning Communities to communicate directly with students early in their academic careers 24 hour service during midterms and finals New more simplistic website Revamped virtual services Dorm and other off-site based reference services Extensive physical renovations including self- check out features & new café Research Plus information literacy app Mobile library app

27. Limitations Data was initially collected in 2012 – working with a large data set takes a long time Relevance- making Disparate data types (makes triangulation difficult) Coding is tedious!

28. Research Team LIST OF PARTICIPANTS - BROOKLYN Rachel King Katherine Boss Charles Guarria Gloria Willson Ingrid Wang Susan Thomas Valeda Dent Paula Patiño LIST OF PARTICIPANTS – POST Natalia Tomlin Kathleen Burlingame Kimberly Mullins Thomas Dillman Mary Kate Boyd-Byrnes Eduardo Rivera Derek Stadler Mellissa Hinton ETHNOGRAPHIC CODING TEAM MEMBERS Valeda Dent Paula Patiño Edward Keane Kimberly Mullins Natalia Tomlin Eamon Tewell