1. By AP Environmental Science and Sustainability

2.  The amount of resources consumed over a period of time by a person, organization, community or nation

3.  China - 6,538,367.00  USA - 5,838,381.00  India - 1,612,362.00  Japan - 1,254,543.00  Germany - 787,936.00  Canada - 557,340.00  Australia - 374,045.00  Earth - 29,321,302.00

4. The need to reduce water use

8. 97% of earth’s water is salt water, 3% is freshwater, 2/3 of which is frozen Only 1% of Earth’s water is useful to humans It IS a renewable resource but we are using it up faster than it is being replenished

9. “Humans often increase storage capacity by constructing reservoirs and decrease it by draining wetlands. Humans often increase runoff quantities and velocities by paving areas and channelizing stream flow.”(wiki) Water stress: “According to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, it applies to situations where there is not enough water for all uses, whether agricultural, industrial or domestic” (wiki) Climate change may cause an increase or a decrease in the amount of available freshwater

10. the discharge of raw sewage into natural waters, mainly in underdeveloped countries Sewage, sludge, garbage, and even toxic pollutants are all dumped into the water Agricultural runoff Urban storm water runoff Chemical wastes dumped by industries and the government

11. Global Uses of Water Agriculture (mostly irrigation): 69% Industry: 23% Domestic use (household, drinking water, sanitation): 8%

12.  Industry “In developing countries, 70% of industrial wastes are dumped untreated into waters where they pollute the usable water supply.” (ozh2o)  Energy Hydropower

13.  Cote D’Ivor, and Nigeria are famous for having parts of its water supply polluted to the point were human consumption is unrealistic  In the Ivory Coast they burn computers, and have had toxic sludge dumped on their drinking supplies

14.  Sudan Crisis  Somalia  Israel Palestine Conflict  According to the UN resource wars are to be considered the epicenter of most third world conflicts

16. -Decrease of soil over time due to over agriculture -Occurs when nutrients are removed and not replaced

17. -Excess nutrients can run off into water supply -Over 98% of pesticides reach more then their target species, and get into air, water and soil -Reduce biodiversity

18. - Organic agriculture is the process of producing food naturally - Encourages biodiversity - Reduces the risk of humans consuming pesticides - Reduces pollution, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions - Organic foods are only more expensive because there isn't a huge demand for it by consumers yet; for it to be cheaper, more people need to buy it

19. -Prevents soil depletion, and reduces soil erosion -Maintains soil fertility -Prevents diseases -Helps control weeds

21.  Often enter the water supply  Mainland China (Yellow river) polluted by industrial waste from textiles  Solutions would be to reuse materials for new dye’s

22.  Limited clothing owned by K-mart makes many, many types of garments worn by kids and adults. To save money, they use heavy chemicals to keep the clothes wrinkle free and good looking. Doctors have tested the clothing and found a deadly chemical called formaldehyde in children's pants.

23.  Are often acidic for example: sulfuric acid, acetic acid, sodium sulfate, and surfactants)  Also metallic's, and sulfurs that have a major destructive impact  Sulfur or sulfide dyes: contain sulfur or are precipitated from sodium sulfide bath  C8

24.  “California Proposition 65 requires that products sold in California which contain, in any amount, any chemical on what is called the "Prop 65 list" be labeled as follows: "Contains chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer." On that list are many chemicals including alcohol and cigarette smoke. Some products we sell bear that label because they contain alcohol. Some bear the warning because they contain trace amounts of Formaldehyde.”  “These dyes contain formaldehyde in about the same levels (under 100 parts per million) that are contained in the fruits and vegetables that you eat. Formaldehyde is generated by growing plants and is pretty much unavoidable. Many years ago, many dyes contained large amounts of added formaldehyde and because of this, could be considered an environmental or health concern. Our dyes are now made with only trace amounts of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is on California's list of chemicals that might cause cancer, but in the trace amounts contained in these dyes, should not cause problems.”

25.  Dyes from Plants: Red: Madder (Rubia tinctorum), cochineal (Dactylopius coccus), Brazilwood (Caesalpinaia echinata) and alkanet (Alkannna tinctoria) Yellow: onion skins, turmeric, cold tea, rhubarb, tansy, dyers chamomile and dyers greenweed.  Mordants (to get dye to stick to fabric) Vinegar Salt Alum (shorthand for aluminum potassium sulphate)

26.  TENCEL® is the brand name for a recently improved fabric from a fiber generically called lyocell  Lyocell fiber is eco-friendly. It is a cellulosic fiber made from agricultural waste to create a textile that is biodegradable and recyclable.  Lyocell falls somewhere in- between natural and artificial fibers

28. 35% to 45% comes from institutions and commercial sources containers and packaging materials represent nearly 1/3 of what we throw away Paper and textile products make up ¼ of Municipal Solid Waste. Durable goods represent another 16%.

29. Yard trimmings and food scraps equal around 12% to 13% each. Plastics account for 11.7% Metals (7.6%) Rubber, leather and textiles (7.3%) Wood (5.5%) Glass (5.3%) Other (3.3%)

32. Ways to reduce waste stream: Reducing Waste Production Reusing Waste Material Recycling

33. Fossil fuels used to make plastic: most plastic bags are made from a type of plastic called polyethylene. 80% of which is produced from natural gas – an abundant, yet non-renewable resource How Much Paper is in One Tree? A cord of wood (wood stacked 4 feet by 4 feet by 8 feet, or 128 cubic feet) produces nearly 90,000 sheets of paper Pulp and paper mills are among the worst polluters to air, water and land of any industry in the country.

34. Electronic waste (e-waste) now makes up 5% of all municipal solid waste worldwide Heavy metals in e-waste: lead, zinc, nickel, copper, cadmium Most construction waste currently goes into landfills. Nationally, construction waste contributes a large portion to the waste stream. It is estimated that 2.5 to 4 tons of waste is created during the construction of a typical home. Construction waste consists mainly of lumber and manufactured wood products. With the implementation of an effective construction waste minimization effort, a high percentage of all waste materials listed above can be diverted from the landfill and recycled into new products. The total acreage devoted to landfill use in the US is about 560,000 acres (about 0.02% of all the land in the nation)

36. Growing cotton uses 22.5% of all the insecticides used globally. Growing enough cotton for one t-shirt requires 257 gallons of water. The use of rayon for clothing is contributing to the rapid depletion of the world's forests. Petroleum-based products are detrimental to the environment on many levels. There are a variety of materials considered "environmentally-friendly" for a variety of reasons. The renewability of the product. The ecological footprint of the resource - how much land it takes to support it. How many chemicals it requires to grow/process it to make it ready for market.

37. Sustainable fabrics  HEMP  WOOL  ORGANIC COTTON  SOY SILK  INGEO™ CORN FIBER  BAMBOO  FORTREL EcoSpun™

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