1. Dark Matter & Dark Energy

2. Dark Matter I.What Is It? A. Dark matter is a type of ______________ hypothesized to account for a large part of the total ______________ of the universe B. Dark matter cannot been seen with ______________. It is theorized to neither ______________ nor ______________ electromagnetic radiation (i.e. light). C.Its existence and properties are inferred from its ___________________ effects on visible matter. D.Based upon the Planck satellite observation of the _________________________________, total mass-energy composition of the universe is Ordinary matter__________ Dark matter__________ Dark Energy __________

3. Dark Matter I.What Is It? matter mass A. Dark matter is a type of ____matter____ hypothesized to account for a large part of the total ____mass_____ of the universe B. Dark matter cannot been seen with ______________. It is theorized to neither ______________ nor ______________ electromagnetic radiation (i.e. light). C.Its existence and properties are inferred from its ___________________ effects on visible matter. D.Based upon the Planck satellite observation of the _________________________________, total mass-energy composition of the universe is Ordinary matter__________ Dark matter__________ Dark Energy __________

4. Dark Matter I.What Is It? matter mass A. Dark matter is a type of ____matter____ hypothesized to account for a large part of the total ____mass_____ of the universe telescopes emitabsorb B. Dark matter cannot been seen with ___telescopes___. It is theorized to neither _____emit______ nor ____absorb_____ electromagnetic radiation (i.e. light). C.Its existence and properties are inferred from its ___________________ effects on visible matter. D.Based upon the Planck satellite observation of the _________________________________, total mass-energy composition of the universe is Ordinary matter__________ Dark matter__________ Dark Energy __________

5. Dark Matter I.What Is It? matter mass A. Dark matter is a type of ____matter____ hypothesized to account for a large part of the total ____mass_____ of the universe telescopes emitabsorb B. Dark matter cannot been seen with ___telescopes___. It is theorized to neither _____emit______ nor ____absorb_____ electromagnetic radiation (i.e. light). gravitational C.Its existence and properties are inferred from its ____gravitational_____ effects on visible matter. D.Based upon the Planck satellite observation of the __________________________________, total mass-energy composition of the universe is Ordinary matter__________ Dark matter__________ Dark Energy __________

6. Dark Matter I.What Is It? matter mass A. Dark matter is a type of ____matter____ hypothesized to account for a large part of the total ____mass_____ of the universe telescopes emitabsorb B. Dark matter cannot been seen with ___telescopes___. It is theorized to neither _____emit______ nor ____absorb_____ electromagnetic radiation (i.e. light). gravitational C.Its existence and properties are inferred from its ____gravitational_____ effects on visible matter. cosmicmicrowave background radiation D.Based upon the Planck satellite observation of the __cosmic _ microwave background radiation__, total mass-energy composition of the universe is 4.9% Ordinary matter____4.9%__ 26.8% Dark matter___26.8%__ 68.3% Dark Energy ___68.3%__

7. Dark Matter II. Evidence A. Jan Oort, a Dutch astronomer (now remembered for the Oort Cloud), was studying the _________________within galaxies in 1932. B. Fritz Zwicky, a Swiss astrophysicist was studying ____________________ in 1933. C. In both of these cases the gravity of the visible matter was _______________ to account for the rapid motion of stars and galaxies. This became known as the “_____________________". D. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Vera Rubin worked with a new sensitive _________________ that could measure the velocity curve of edge-on spiral galaxies to a greater degree of accuracy than had ever before been achieved. She saw the same discrepancy.

8. Dark Matter II. Evidence motion of stars A. Jan Oort, a Dutch astronomer (now remembered for the Oort Cloud), was studying the __motion of stars___within galaxies in 1932. B. Fritz Zwicky, a Swiss astrophysicist was studying ____________________ in 1933. C. In both of these cases the gravity of the visible matter was _______________ to account for the rapid motion of stars and galaxies. This became known as the “_____________________". D. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Vera Rubin worked with a new sensitive _________________ that could measure the velocity curve of edge-on spiral galaxies to a greater degree of accuracy than had ever before been achieved. She saw the same discrepancy.

9. Dark Matter II. Evidence motion of stars A. Jan Oort, a Dutch astronomer (now remembered for the Oort Cloud), was studying the __motion of stars___within galaxies in 1932. cluster _ of _ galaxies B. Fritz Zwicky, a Swiss astrophysicist was studying ___cluster _ of _ galaxies___ in 1933. C. In both of these cases the gravity of the visible matter was _______________ to account for the rapid motion of stars and galaxies. This became known as the “_____________________". D. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Vera Rubin worked with a new sensitive _________________ that could measure the velocity curve of edge-on spiral galaxies to a greater degree of accuracy than had ever before been achieved. She saw the same discrepancy.

10. Dark Matter II. Evidence motion of stars A. Jan Oort, a Dutch astronomer (now remembered for the Oort Cloud), was studying the __motion of stars___within galaxies in 1932. cluster _ of _ galaxies B. Fritz Zwicky, a Swiss astrophysicist was studying ___cluster _ of _ galaxies___ in 1933. too _ small missing mass problem C. In both of these cases the gravity of the visible matter was ____too _ small____ to account for the rapid motion of stars and galaxies. This became known as the “__ missing mass problem __". D. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Vera Rubin worked with a new sensitive _________________ that could measure the velocity curve of edge-on spiral galaxies to a greater degree of accuracy than had ever before been achieved. She saw the same discrepancy.

11. Dark Matter II. Evidence motion of stars A. Jan Oort, a Dutch astronomer (now remembered for the Oort Cloud), was studying the __motion of stars___within galaxies in 1932. cluster _ of _ galaxies B. Fritz Zwicky, a Swiss astrophysicist was studying ___cluster _ of _ galaxies___ in 1933. too _ small missing mass problem C. In both of these cases the gravity of the visible matter was ____too _ small____ to account for the rapid motion of stars and galaxies. This became known as the “__ missing mass problem __". spectrograph D. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Vera Rubin worked with a new sensitive ___spectrograph____ that could measure the velocity curve of edge-on spiral galaxies to a greater degree of accuracy than had ever before been achieved. She saw the same discrepancy.

12. Gravitational Lensing Galactic Rotation Curves

13. Dark Matter III. Current Status A. Dark matter is an integral part of today’s ____________________. B. The simplest explanation for most cosmological observations is now called ______________________(versus warm or hot dark matter) and provides the most realistic outcomes in computer models of the __________________________. C. What cold dark matter actually is currently ______________. Multiple experiments from deep underground in ____________ to satellites in _____________ are currently underway.

14. Dark Matter III. Current Status cosmological models A. Dark matter is an integral part of today’s __ cosmological models __. B. The simplest explanation for most cosmological observations is now called ______________________(versus warm or hot dark matter) and provides the most realistic outcomes in computer models of the __________________________. C. What cold dark matter actually is currently ______________. Multiple experiments from deep underground in ____________ to satellites in _____________ are currently underway.

15. Dark Matter III. Current Status cosmological models A. Dark matter is an integral part of today’s __ cosmological models __. “cold" dark matter evolution of our universe B. The simplest explanation for most cosmological observations is now called ___ “cold" dark matter ___(versus warm or hot dark matter) and provides the most realistic outcomes in computer models of the ___ evolution of our universe ___. C. What cold dark matter actually is currently ______________. Multiple experiments from deep underground in ____________ to satellites in _____________ are currently underway.

16. Dark Matter III. Current Status cosmological models A. Dark matter is an integral part of today’s __ cosmological models __. “cold" dark matter evolution of our universe B. The simplest explanation for most cosmological observations is now called ___ “cold" dark matter ___(versus warm or hot dark matter) and provides the most realistic outcomes in computer models of the ___ evolution of our universe ___. unknown mines space C. What cold dark matter actually is currently ____ unknown ____. Multiple experiments from deep underground in ____mines_____ to satellites in ____space_____ are currently underway.

17. Dark Energy I. What Is It? A. Dark energy is a ____________________________that permeates all of space and tends to _________________ the expansion of the universe. B. Dark energy is the ___________________________to explain observations since the 1990s that indicate that the universe is ____________________ at an accelerating rate. C. According to the Planck mission team, and the standard model of cosmology, dark energy makes up ____________ of the universe. D. Dark energy acts somewhat like ______________, an outward _______________ pushing space (and objects in it) apart.

18. Dark Energy I. What Is It? hypothetical form of energy accelerate A. Dark energy is a ___ hypothetical form of energy __that permeates all of space and tends to ____ accelerate ____ the expansion of the universe. B. Dark energy is the ___________________________to explain observations since the 1990s that indicate that the universe is ____________________ at an accelerating rate. C. According to the Planck mission team, and the standard model of cosmology, dark energy makes up ____________ of the universe. D. Dark energy acts somewhat like ______________, an outward _______________ pushing space (and objects in it) apart.

19. Dark Energy I. What Is It? hypothetical form of energy accelerate A. Dark energy is a ___ hypothetical form of energy __that permeates all of space and tends to ____ accelerate ____ the expansion of the universe. most accepted hypothesis expanding B. Dark energy is the ___ most accepted hypothesis ___to explain observations since the 1990s that indicate that the universe is ______expanding ______ at an accelerating rate. C. According to the Planck mission team, and the standard model of cosmology, dark energy makes up ____________ of the universe. D. Dark energy acts somewhat like ______________, an outward _______________ pushing space (and objects in it) apart.

20. Dark Energy I. What Is It? hypothetical form of energy accelerate A. Dark energy is a ___ hypothetical form of energy __that permeates all of space and tends to ____ accelerate ____ the expansion of the universe. most accepted hypothesis expanding B. Dark energy is the ___ most accepted hypothesis ___to explain observations since the 1990s that indicate that the universe is ______expanding ______ at an accelerating rate. 68.3% C. According to the Planck mission team, and the standard model of cosmology, dark energy makes up ___ 68.3% ___ of the universe. D. Dark energy acts somewhat like ______________, an outward _______________ pushing space (and objects in it) apart.

21. Dark Energy I. What Is It? hypothetical form of energy accelerate A. Dark energy is a ___ hypothetical form of energy __that permeates all of space and tends to ____ accelerate ____ the expansion of the universe. most accepted hypothesis expanding B. Dark energy is the ___ most accepted hypothesis ___to explain observations since the 1990s that indicate that the universe is ______expanding ______ at an accelerating rate. 68.3% C. According to the Planck mission team, and the standard model of cosmology, dark energy makes up ___ 68.3% ___ of the universe. anti-gravity pressure D. Dark energy acts somewhat like __ anti-gravity __, an outward ____pressure_____ pushing space (and objects in it) apart.

22. Dark Energy II. Evidence A. The realization that dark energy might exist is relatively recent. As a result, many things about the nature of dark energy is _______________. The evidence for dark energy is ___________, however, it comes from three independent sources. 1. Distance and redshift measurements of _______________ suggest the universe has ______________ its expansion rate in the last half of its life. 2. There is a ___________________for a type of additional energy that is not matter or dark matter to form our observationally __________ universe. 3. _______________ in the cosmic microwave background radiation indicate the presence of additional energy. B. Dark energy is thought to be very ______________, not very _____________ and is not known to interact through any of the fundamental forces other than ______________. It seems unlikely to be detectable in laboratory experiments.

23. Dark Energy II. Evidence speculativeindirect A. The realization that dark energy might exist is relatively recent. As a result, many things about the nature of dark energy is ___speculative ___. The evidence for dark energy is __ indirect __, however, it comes from three independent sources. 1. Distance and redshift measurements of _______________ suggest the universe has ______________ its expansion rate in the last half of its life. 2. There is a ___________________for a type of additional energy that is not matter or dark matter to form our observationally __________ universe. 3. _______________ in the cosmic microwave background radiation indicate the presence of additional energy. B. Dark energy is thought to be very ______________, not very _____________ and is not known to interact through any of the fundamental forces other than ______________. It seems unlikely to be detectable in laboratory experiments.

24. Dark Energy II. Evidence speculativeindirect A. The realization that dark energy might exist is relatively recent. As a result, many things about the nature of dark energy is ___speculative ___. The evidence for dark energy is __ indirect __, however, it comes from three independent sources. Type 1a_supernovae increased 1. Distance and redshift measurements of _Type 1a_supernovae_ suggest the universe has ___ increased ___ its expansion rate in the last half of its life. 2. There is a ___________________for a type of additional energy that is not matter or dark matter to form our observationally __________ universe. 3. _______________ in the cosmic microwave background radiation indicate the presence of additional energy. B. Dark energy is thought to be very ______________, not very _____________ and is not known to interact through any of the fundamental forces other than ______________. It seems unlikely to be detectable in laboratory experiments.

25. Dark Energy II. Evidence speculativeindirect A. The realization that dark energy might exist is relatively recent. As a result, many things about the nature of dark energy is ___speculative ___. The evidence for dark energy is __ indirect __, however, it comes from three independent sources. Type 1a_supernovae increased 1. Distance and redshift measurements of _Type 1a_supernovae_ suggest the universe has ___ increased ___ its expansion rate in the last half of its life. theoretical need flat 2. There is a __ theoretical need ___for a type of additional energy that is not matter or dark matter to form our observationally ___ flat ___ universe. 3. _______________ in the cosmic microwave background radiation indicate the presence of additional energy. B. Dark energy is thought to be very ______________, not very _____________ and is not known to interact through any of the fundamental forces other than ______________. It seems unlikely to be detectable in laboratory experiments.

26. Dark Energy II. Evidence speculativeindirect A. The realization that dark energy might exist is relatively recent. As a result, many things about the nature of dark energy is ___speculative ___. The evidence for dark energy is __ indirect __, however, it comes from three independent sources. Type 1a_supernovae increased 1. Distance and redshift measurements of _Type 1a_supernovae_ suggest the universe has ___ increased ___ its expansion rate in the last half of its life. theoretical need flat 2. There is a __ theoretical need ___for a type of additional energy that is not matter or dark matter to form our observationally ___ flat ___ universe. Variations 3. ___ Variations ___ in the cosmic microwave background radiation indicate the presence of additional energy. B. Dark energy is thought to be very ______________, not very _____________ and is not known to interact through any of the fundamental forces other than ______________. It seems unlikely to be detectable in laboratory experiments.

27. Dark Energy II. Evidence speculativeindirect A. The realization that dark energy might exist is relatively recent. As a result, many things about the nature of dark energy is ___speculative ___. The evidence for dark energy is __ indirect __, however, it comes from three independent sources. Type 1a_supernovae increased 1. Distance and redshift measurements of _Type 1a_supernovae_ suggest the universe has ___ increased ___ its expansion rate in the last half of its life. theoretical need flat 2. There is a __ theoretical need ___for a type of additional energy that is not matter or dark matter to form our observationally ___ flat ___ universe. Variations 3. ___ Variations ___ in the cosmic microwave background radiation indicate the presence of additional energy. homogeneous dense gravity B. Dark energy is thought to be very __ homogeneous _, not very ____dense ____ and is not known to interact through any of the fundamental forces other than _____gravity____. It seems unlikely to be detectable in laboratory experiments.

28. Dark Matter & Dark Energy