Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byPrudence Lloyd Modified over 8 years ago
1
Chemistry of Life Chapter 2
2
Why chemistry? Remember atoms?
3
Subatomic particles Two models of a helium atom Carbon atom
4
Electrons
5
Chemical bonds Three types
6
Ionic bonds
7
Formation of an ionic bond
8
Covalent bonds (make molecules)
9
Two types of covalent bonds Nonpolar Polar
10
Hydrogen bonds The weakest bonds
11
Properties of water b/c of H-bonding Water is a good solvent:
12
Properties of water b/c of H-bonding, cont. Large heat capacity: Low density as a solid:
13
Living systems are sensitive to acidic & basic conditions Most water molecules present as H 2 O, but some molecules break apart into H + ions and OH - ions
14
Living systems are sensitive to acidic & basic conditions Even slight change in pH can be harmful
15
Living things are made from & conduct chemical reactions A chemical reaction Two parts to a chemical reaction
16
Macromolecules polymer: monomer:
17
Making polymers: dehydration synthesis requires cellular energy
18
Breaking polymers: hydrolysis releases energy
19
Types of macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
20
Carbohydrates
21
Monosaccharides the simplest of sugar Usually in ring form in solution
22
Glucose... in humans,
23
Polysaccharides two functions
24
Making a polysaccharide by dehydration synthesis
25
Polysaccharides
26
Types of macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
27
Lipids types of lipids
28
dehydration synthesis between 2 molecules, a fatty acid and a glycerol
29
Fats (triglycerides) two kinds of fat
31
Phospholipids
32
Phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane
33
Sterols/steroids
34
Types of macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
35
Proteins chief building blocks of all life
36
Amino acids central carbon atom w/ carboxyl group, amino group & an R group (side chain) – the R group determines the characteristics
37
Expanded amino acid structures
38
Making a protein by dehydration synthesis (release an amino acid by hydrolysis)
39
Protein structure and function denaturation – caused by
40
Types of macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
41
DNA and RNA
42
Nucleotide structure three parts
43
Part of a polynucleotide called the sugar- phosphate backbone
44
Comparing DNA & RNA DNA RNA
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.