1. Deputy Head, ESCAP-ENEA
Regional Environmental Governance and North-East Asia
Sangmin Nam, PhD
Deputy Head, ESCAP-ENEA

3. Shared environmental resources
Responding to Regional Environmental Challenges: Regional Environmental Governance
Ecological Interdependence: geographical proximity, climatic contiguity and ecological interconnections
Environmental Governance
Mutual Vulnerability
Common pool resources
Shared environmental resources

4. Demarcating Boundary of a Region
geographic proximity
regularity and intensity of interactions
shared perceptions of the region

5. Regional Environmental Governance: its status and role

6. Regional Environmental Governance: roles
Minimizing Impacts from “Ecological Interdependence”
International waters
Transboundary air pollution
Marine environment
Supporting Global Environmental Governance
GEG Clusters: biodiversity, atmosphere, land, chemicals and hazardous wastes, and regional seas
Policy development & application, capacity building
Supplementing National Asymmetric Conditions and Supporting Mutual Goals
Policy development and capacity building for managing domestic environmental challenges

7. Environmental Governance: Actors and Factors
State Actors
Interplay of Interests
Non-state Actors
International
organizations
NGOs
Epistemic
communities
Influence of Knowledge

8. REG in Asia and the Pacific
Subregional Environmental Programme
Institutionalized Interdependence (Subregional Political Body)
Economic Interdepen-
dence
(Intra-trade)
Ecological Interdepen-
Legal and Political Level of Programme
Formal Linkages with Other Programmes
SACEP
High (SAARC)
Low (Over 5%)
High
Yes
ASEAN
High (ASEAN)
Medium (20~25%)
Medium
NEASPEC
Low
High (about 35%) No
SPREP
High (Pacific Community, PI Forum)
Low (n/a)

9. Formal REG Mechanisms in North-East Asia
Mechanisms for Comprehensive Cooperation
NEASPEC (North-East Asian Subregional Program for Environmental Cooperation) established in 1993, 6 countries
TEMM (Tripartite Environment Ministers Meeting) of China, Japan and ROK in 1999, 3 countries
Mechanisms for Governing the Commons
NOWPAP (Northwest Pacific Action Plan) in 1994, 4 countries
EANET (Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia) in 1998, 13 countries
LTP (Joint Research Project on Long Range Air Pollutants) in 1995, 3 countries
EABRN (East Asian Biosphere Reserve Network) in 1994, 6 countries

10. North-East Asian Subregional Programme for Environmental Cooperation (NEASPEC)
Supporting joint efforts for advancing sustainable development in North-East Asia
Transboundary Environmental Challenges
Air pollution
Dust and sandstorm
Nature conservation
Marine Protected Areas
Economy - Environment
Eco-efficiency Partnership

11. Rapid Urbanization, Industrialization and Low Eco-efficiency
Source: World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision
Source: IEA, 2013

12. North-East Asia: Major Source of GHG Emission

13. Response: Building Subregional Partnership on Low Carbon Cities
Information sharing and communication platform
Web-based platform for new initiatives, successful approaches, event updates
Joint studies and assessments platform
Comparative analysis on LCC development approach
City strategy review platform
Peer review of LCC plans and programmes
Capacity building platform
Matching demand and supply in capacity building

14. Low Carbon Cities - China
Targets for Mitigating GHG Emissions mostly through Reducing Carbon Intensity
Baoding % ( )
Chengdu 35% ( )
Hangzhou % ( )
Jilin % ( )
Nanchang % ( )
Shenzhen % ( )
Tianjin % ( )
Xiamen % ( )
Guiyang % ( )
Ten Pilot Cities for Green and
Low Carbon Transportation
Chongqing Shenzhen Nanchang
Xiamen Hangzhou Guiyang
Baoding Wuxi Wuhan
Beijing

15. Heavy Impacts of Air Pollution

16. Transboundary Effects of Air Pollution

17. Response: technical assistance to multilateral mechanism
Technical assistance on air pollution mitigation
Identifying new NEASPEC approaches and programme
2014-
Development of a subregional mechanism

18. Desertification
Desertification in China: 2.62 million km2 , taking up 27% of the territory in 18 provinces.
Desertification in Mongolia: More than 40% of the territory are arid and deserted. 90 % of the total territory are subject to desertification.
Source of dust and sandstorms

19. Response: Supporting Mongolian Initiatives and Technical Cooperation with China19

20. Mismatch of Political Borders and Habitats of Key Species
Amur Leopard and Tiger

21. Response: Study on Transborder Movement of Amur Tigers and Leopards to fill
Knowledge
Gap
Individual identification, genetic diversity, geographic distribution, etc.
Transboundary movement
Science-policy Gap
Domestic policy measures for conservation
Required technical and policy measures for transboundary cooperation

22. Connected Habitats of Migratory Birds and Disconnected Actions
Habitats of migratory birds in the border areas of China, DPRK and Russia

23. Response: Conservation and Rehabilitation of Habitats for Key Migratory Birds in North-East Asia
Improve the conservation status and promote the international cooperation for White-naped Crane, the Hooded Crane, and the Black-faced Spoonbill
Strengthen bilateral and multilateral, and multi-level cooperation for migratory birds conservation in North- East Asia

24. Marine Resources: key source of conflicts
Apprehended Chinese Fishing Vessels by ROK Authority
Apprehended Korean Fishing Vessels

25. Response: Building Mechanism for Cooperation on Marine Biodiversity through North-East Asia MPA Network
MAIA
NAMPAN
MEDPAN
NEAMPAN
CAMPAM
RAMPAO
WIOMSA