1. The World Map of Agriculture Homework

2. Map Activity Directions: Take out your textbooks and look at the maps on pages 388-389 and 390-391 1.Carefully examine the map on pg. 388-389. Write down 2-3 observations/true statements from the World Climates map. 2.Carefully examine the map on pg. 390-391. Write down 2-3 observations/true statements from the World Agriculture map. 3.Based on your observations & readings, explain the relationship between climate and the type of agriculture practiced?

4. Cash Crops & Plantation Agriculture Cash crops: an agricultural crop which is grown for sale to return a profit ▫Provides badly needed money to the periphery ▫Core can place quotas on imports to dictate prices ▫Periphery can form cartels but what issues might arise from this action? Plantation Agriculture: when cash crops are grown on large estates ▫Colonial legacies ▫Where: tropical lowland periphery ▫Crops: cotton, sugar cane, coffee, rubber, cocoa, bananas, tea, coconut, & palm oil.

5. Commercial Livestock, Fruit, & Grain Agriculture AgricultureLocationCrops DairyingMidlatitudes: northeastern US & northwestern Europe Milkshed: Ring surrounding a city from which milk can be supplied Truck Farming: Fruit, truck & specialized crops Eastern & southeastern U.S. Apples, asparagus, cherries, lettuce, mushrooms, & potatoes Mixed livestock & crop farming Ohio to Dakotas, centered on Iowa; much of Europe from France to Russia Corn & soybeans *Highly inefficient use of natural resources Livestock ranching: the raising of domesticated animals for the production of meat & byproducts US, Canada, Mexico, eastern Brazil, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa Practiced in developed countries where vegetation is too sparse and soil too poor to support crops.

6. Mediterranean Agriculture Mediterranean Agriculture: specialized farming occurs only in areas where the dry summer Mediterranean climate prevails ▫Shores of Mediterranean Sea ▫California & Oregon ▫Central Chile ▫South Africa’s Cape ▫Southwestern & southern Australia Crops: grapes, olives, fruits, figs, certain vegetables, dates Exported to distant markets: very popular products & in high demand.

7. Drug Agriculture Drug Crops: Grown for export in developing countries High demand for product in developed countries = high price Products & Periphery Countries: Coca plant: Colombia, Peru, & Bolivia Opium Poppy plant: Southeast & South Asia Marijuana: Mexico, Canada, & USA Effects: Drug cartels that oversee the drug trade have brought crime and violence to the places where they hold sway.

8. Political Influences on Agriculture Cash Crop: Cotton ▫Colonialism – plantation system & trading network ▫Industrial Revolution expanded the cotton industry ▫Colonial powers able to get materials cheap, convert, and sale items. ▫Shift in supply & demand: Freed colonies continue to compete with one another today Former colonies left with landholdings owned by wealthy – lead to uprisings & land reform Tax regulations & subsidies: ▫US: Floor prices for staple crops ▫China & Russia: large collective farms & communes

9. Socio-cultural Influences on Agriculture Luxury Crop: Coffee Defined: crops that are not essential to human survival and are sold at a high price Where? Ethiopia, Middle and South America How is it produced? Enormous, foreign-owned plantations, where it is picked by local laborers who are hired at very low wage rates Fair trade: guarantees coffee producers a “fair trade price” of $1.40 per pound of coffee (plus bonuses of $0.30 per pound for organic)

10. Be a SMART Consumer!

11. Agribusiness Defined: businesses that provide a vast array of goods and services to support the agricultural industry. ▫Large company that owns the land and hires individual to cultivate crops or raise livestock ▫Some aspects of food production, from inputs to delivery and storage of the farm products. Take a few minutes and name a few agribusinesses in your notes!

12. The PROsThe CONs Reduced agricultural waste Better quality yield Reduced minimum support price New technology Boosts the agricultural sector Low profits for farming households Reduced nutrition Higher environmental costs Risk of monopolies Agribusiness

13. Environmental Impacts of Commercial Agriculture Overfishing Land clearing and deforestation Concerns over the introduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides into the environment—as well as soil erosion. Ecological degradation and desertification The growth of organic farming and the move toward the use of local foods in some communities can benefit the environment.