1. REVOLUTION & NATIONALISM
CHAPTER 14

2. Guided Reading Worksheet Section 1
REVOLUTIONS IN RUSSIA
Guided Reading Worksheet
Section 1

3. HOW DID EACH OF THE FOLLOWING HELP TO IGNITE THE FULL-SCALE REVOLUTION
HOW DID EACH OF THE FOLLOWING HELP TO IGNITE THE FULL-SCALE REVOLUTION? 1. Policies of the czars - Autocratic policies, harsh measures, and resistance to change inflamed the masses 2. Industrialization and economic growth - Grueling working conditions, miserably low wages, and child labor, as well as the workers’ low standard of living, lack of political power, the enormous gap between the rich and poor, led to civil unrest and strife. 3. The Russo-Japanese War - Russia’s losses sparked unrest at home, revealed the czar’s weakness, and led to revolt in the middle of war

4. 4. “Bloody Sunday” - Provoked a wave of strikes and violence across the country and forced Czar Nicholas II to promise more freedom and create the “Duma” = Russia’s first parliament 5. World War I - Reveled weakness of czarist rule and military leadership; destroyed morale of Russian soldiers; who mutinied, deserted, and ignored orders 6. The March Revolution - Forced czar, Nicholas II, to abdicate his throne; allowed Duma to set up provisional government

5. HOW DID EACH OF THE FOLLOWING HELP THE BOLSHEVIKS GAIN AND HOLD POLITICAL CONTROL? 7. November 1917 Revolution - toppled provisional government and gave power to Bolsheviks 8. Civil War between the Red & White armies - Caused millions of deaths from fighting and famine; showed that Bolsheviks were able to both seize power and to maintain it; crushed opposition to Bolshevik rule 9. Organization of Russia into Republics - Centralized power and unified country

6. WHAT ROLE DID EACH OF THE FOLLOWING PLAY IN THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION?
10. Karl Marx
- His ideas formed the basis of the revolutionary government. Wrote The Communist Manifesto
11. Vladimir Ilyich (Ulyanov) Lenin
- Led the Bolshevik revolution and restored peace and order
12. Leon Trotsky
- Helped negotiate Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and commanded the Red Army during the Russian civil war

7. GUIDED READING WORKSHEET SECTION 2
TOTALITARIANISM
GUIDED READING WORKSHEET
SECTION 2

8. DETERMINING MAIN IDEAS – STALIN’S TOTALITARIAN STATE
1. Industrial Policies
- initiated “Five-Year Plan” to promote industrial growth; limited production of consumer goods
2. Agricultural Policies
- Established collective farms
- eliminated wealthy peasants
3. Art/Religion
- controlled media; censored all forms of creativity; replaced religious teachings with Communist ideals; persecuted the Russian Orthodox Church

9. 4. Education - expanded and controlled education at all levels; opened educational opportunities to women 5. Control Methods - used secret police and violent tactics to crush opposition; launched Great Purge 6. Propaganda Methods - used indoctrination and art to glorify the Communist state; created state-supported youth groups to train future leaders

10. IMPERIAL CHINA COLLAPESE
GUIDED READING WORKSHEET
SECTION 3

11. CAUSE ACTIONS/EVENTS EFFECTS
Belief among many Chinese that China needed to modernize & nationalize; years of humiliation under Qing Dynasty, during which foreign countries controlled China’s trade & economic resources
1. Sun’s Revolutionary Alliance overthrows the Qing Dynasty
Creation of new Republic of China and increase in nationalism
Sun lacked the authority and military support to secure national unity
2. Sun turns presidency over to Yuan Shikai
Yuan betrayed the democratic ideals of the revolution, ruled as a dictator & sparked local revolts; power fell to warlords and chaos reigned; roads & bridges fell into disrepair

12. CAUSE ACTIONS/EVENTS EFFECTS
Outrage over settlements in the Treaty of Versailles that gave Japan territories and privileges in China that had belonged to Germany
3. The May Fourth Movement begins
Revealed Chinese people’s commitment to goal of strengthening China; led to young Chinese intellectuals’ turning against Sun’s beliefs in Western democracy in favor of Lenin’s brand of Soviet communism; led to formation of Chinese Communist Party
Fear among Kuomintang followers that Chinese Communist would create a Socialist economy
4. Nationalist forces move into Shanghi
Purge of most communist Party members; formal recognition of Nationalist government by Britain and United States; led to Chinese Civil War

13. CAUSE ACTIONS/EVENTS EFFECTS
Need for Communist to escape certain death by Jiang’s Nationalist force
5. Communist Party begins the Long March
Survival of Mao Zedong and other Communist leaders ; attraction of new followers to Communist cause; continuation of civil war
Imperialist policy of Japan; weakened state of China
6. Japan invades Manchuria
Death of thousands of Chinese; destruction of farmland; halt to civil war as Nationalists and Communists temporarily united to fight Japan; beginning of World War II in Asia

14. NATIONALISM IN INDIA & SOUTHWEST ASIA
GUIDED READING WORKSHEET
SECTION 4

15. 1. Formation of Congress Party and Muslim League
HOW DID EACH OF THE FOLLOWING CONTRIBUTE TO NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE FOR INDIA?
1. Formation of Congress Party and Muslim League
Began the effort to end foreign rule and achieve goal of national independence
2. World War I
Intensified interest in self-government and expectation for postwar political reforms from Britain
3. Rowlatt Acts
Western-educated Indians felt that the Acts violated individual rights. Violent protests further inflamed radical nationalist

16. Weakened British authority and economic power
4. Massacre at Amritsar
Angered millions of Indians and caused loyal British subjects in India to become revolutionaries and nationalist
5. Campaign of civil disobedience
Weakened British authority and economic power
6. Salt March
Peaceful demonstrations such as the Salt March further weakened British authority and gained worldwide support for Gandhi’s independence movement

17. Ibn Saud unified Arabia and renamed the new kingdom Saudi Arabia
HOW DID EACH GAIN ITS INDEPENDENCE?
7. Turkey
When Greek soldiers invaded Turkey, military commander Mustafa Kemal led Turkish nationalist in overthrowing the weak Ottoman sultan
8. Persia
The British attempt to take over Persia led to a nationalist revolt during which Reza Shah Pavlavi, an army officer, seized power
9. Saudi Arabia
Ibn Saud unified Arabia and renamed the new kingdom Saudi Arabia