1. Gandhi

2. Mohandas Gandhi was born in 1869 in British India.

3. British India in 1870’s

5. Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India in 1877

6. Gandhi studies law in London; moves to South Africa to practice law

7. Transvaal
Orange Free State
Zululand
Natal
South Africa

8. Zululand
In the early 1800’s, the Zulus were reorganized into a military clan under the leadership of Shaka
They soon became a force unchallenged in Southern African kingdoms.

9. Boer family, 1886
In 1838, the Dutch Boers, migrated into neighboring Natal and fighting erupted

10. Indians were brought to South Africa as indentured plantation laborers

11. In 1843, the British succeeded the Boers as rulers of Natal, and demanded the Zulus submit to British rule.
They were faced with a hostile Zulu people

12. ZULU WARRIORS, 1879

13. In 1887, the British annexed Zululand, and declared it a British Colony.
Gandhi arrived in Natal in 1893.

14. change over time
Gandhi spent 20 years opposing discriminatory legislation against Indians in South Africa
He also aided the British in their fight against the Zulu

15. Hindi sanitary unit, in which Gandhi served
(sitting in the middle, third from right) during World War I

16. Gandhi returns to India
He supported the Home Rule movement, and became leader of the Indian National Congress

17. Gandhi became the greatest political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement

18. In 1930, Gandhi led the 200 mile Salt March to the sea to collect salt in symbolic defiance of the government monopoly
His goal was to help poor farmers and laborers protest oppressive taxation and discrimination.

19. He advocated a policy of non-violent non-cooperation to achieve independence

20. This concept helped India to gain independence, and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.

22. He struggled to alleviate poverty, liberate women and put an end to caste discrimination, with the ultimate objective being self-rule for India.

23. After independence (1947), he tried to stop the Hindu-Muslim conflict in Bengal, a policy which led to his assassination by a Hindu fanatic.

26. How Destructive Was Colonialism to India? Colonial era (1765–1947)
Great Bengal Famine  1769–1770      10,000,000
Madras city famine     1782–1783    Unknown
Chalisa famine            1791–1792      11,000,000
Doji bara or Skull famine        1789–1795      11,000,000
Agra famine of 1837–38         1837–1838      800,000
Eastern Rajputana       1860–1861      2,000,000
Orissa famine of –1867      1,000,000
Rajputana famine of 1869      1868–1870      1,500,000
Bihar famine of 1873–74        1873–1874      Unknown
Great Famine of 1876–78       1876–1878      10,300,000
Orissa, Bihar   1888–1889      150,000
Indian famine of 1896–97      1896–1897      5,000,000
Indian famine of 1899–1900  1899–1900      1,000,000
Bombay Presidency    1905–1906      230,000
Bengal famine of 1943           1943–1944      5,000,000
Independent India
Bihar famine of         1966–1977   Unknown