1. Question of the Day 4-27 1. During translation, the ____ moves along the mRNA and builds the amino acid chain with the help of ____ molecules.

2. Review DNA

3. REVIEW Replication fork

6. Translation Summary

7. Announcement 4-27 Unit # 8 Test will be Friday 5- 6 (due to testing)!

8. Translation Animations http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/tea ching/genetics/animations/translation.htm http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/tea ching/genetics/animations/translation.htm http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/tea ching/genetics/animations/translation.htm http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/tea ching/genetics/animations/translation.htm

9. Mutations Mutation – random error or change in a DNA sequence that may affect the whole chromosome or just one gene What can cause a mutation? Copying errors by the polymerase, UV radiation, chemicals, virusesWhat can cause a mutation? Copying errors by the polymerase, UV radiation, chemicals, viruses Are mutations always bad? NO. Beneficial mutations can lead to evolutionary change.Are mutations always bad? NO. Beneficial mutations can lead to evolutionary change.

10. Point Mutation – a change to a single base pair in DNA –This kind of error usually changes only one amino acid  EXAMPLE: –THE CAT ATE THE RAT –THE CAT ATE THE MAT

11. Mutations Frameshift Mutation – a mutation in which a single base is added or deleted from the DNA sequence  This would cause every codon to be different after that addition / deletion

12. Mutations What are chromosomal mutations? What are chromosomal mutations? –Mutations affecting gene distribution to gametes during meiosis

13. Most common mutations: (see page 239)  Deletions – part of chromosome is lost  Insertions – part of the chromosome breaks off and rejoins it’s sister chromatid

14. Most common mutations: (see page 239)  Inversions – when a part of the chromosome breaks out and is reinserted backwards  Translocations – –when a part of the chromosome breaks off and joins a different chromosome

15. Question of the Day 4-28 1. Which mutation is more likely to cause a problem a point mutation or a frameshift mutation? WHY?

16. Assignments 4-26 Handout with book assignment at the end – due Thursday 4-28

17. Question of the Day 5-2 1. The type of mutation when a piece of the chromosome breaks off and is reinserted backwards =

18. Announcement 5-2 Unit # 8 Test will be Friday 5- 6 (due to testing)!

19. DNA replication Point mutation Thymine Helicase Peptide bond Ribosome mRNA Translation DNA polymerase Frame shift mutation Hydrogen bond Transcription

20. Transcription - Last names A through J http://www- class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/ani mation/gene/gene_a2.html Translation - Last names K through Z http://www- class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/ani mation/gene/gene_a3.htmlActivity Come up w/ 6 questions. You do NOT need anwers.