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Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Electron-LINAC-Based Radiation Facilities of the Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC) Doç. Dr. İskender AKKURT Süleyman.

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Presentation on theme: "Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Electron-LINAC-Based Radiation Facilities of the Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC) Doç. Dr. İskender AKKURT Süleyman."— Presentation transcript:

1 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Electron-LINAC-Based Radiation Facilities of the Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC) Doç. Dr. İskender AKKURT Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Fizik Bölümü Isparta iskender@fef.sdu.edu.tr http://fefsrv.sdu.edu.tr/~iskender/

2 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Outline  Introduction  Accelerator science  TAC project  Little history of TAC  Main parameters  IR-FEL  Bremsstrahlung photon beam

3 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Why Accelerator  To have energetic particle  To bombard atomic nucleus.  Isotop production  And many more application Accelerator science

4 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. To investigate nuclear size need to have high energetic particles (need to have accelerator) Accelerator science

5 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Accelerator science

6 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys.  Why higher energy ?  Quantum mechanics : de broglie wave length =h/p (Examining matter at smaller distance requires higher momentum particles)  Many of the particles of interest to particle physics are heavy (high-energy collisions are needed to create these particles) Accelerator science

7 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Accelerator science 1st cyclotron, ~1930 E.O. Lawrence 11-cm diameter 1.1 MeV protons LHC, 2008 9-km diameter 7 TeV protons after ~80 years ~107 x more energy ~105 x larger

8 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Accelerator science

9 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys.  Accelerator Types  LINAC (RF,DC)  Circular ( Betatron, Cyclotron, Microtron, Synchrotron) Accelerator science

10 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Medikal LINAC şematik gösterimi Accelerator science

11 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Accelerator science

12 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Accelerator science

13 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Accelerator science

14 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Basic Research Applications Accelerator science

15 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Research with Electron beam

16 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. CATEGORYNUMBER Ion implanters7000 Industry1500 non-nuclear research1000 Radiotherapy5000 Medical isotopes 200 Hadron therapy 20 SR sources 70 Nuclear & Particle physics res. 110 TOTAL15000 Table taken from W. Scarf & W. Wiesczycka, Proc. EPAC2000 Accelerator science

17 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys.

18 Example of some FEL facilities around the world

19 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. TAC

20 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. TAC  First Proposed in 1997 (Feasibility was investigated)  Project started in 2006 (about 80 physicist from 8 different University)  IR-FEL  Bremsstrahlung photon beam Turkish Accelerator Center TAC

21 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. TAC

22 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys.  What are the basic requirement for doing an experiment on the FEL  Creation of a nice focal spot on sample  Transport of the beam  Diagnostic of the beam  Product detectors TAC

23 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys.  Electron beam TAC (IR-FEL)

24 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. TAC

25 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. TAC

26 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. bremsstrahlung at TAC TAC IR-FEL Bremsstrahlung photon

27 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys.  Bremsstrahlung process E  =E 0 -E r  E  can be created in the range between 0.1% - 0.9% of Eo Incoming electron Recoil electron what is bremsstrahlung

28 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Bremsstrahlung Foton

29 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Karakteristik X-rays

30 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Combined karaktesistik Bremsstrahlung Foton

31 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. E  = E e - E r Bremsstrahlung photon tagging Requires high duty cycle Needs storage ring

32 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. why photon beam  Research on the structure of nucleus (fundamental nuclear physics)  Application on the variety of fields

33 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. why photon beam (fundamental nuclear physics)  Rutherford’s Experiment ( Discovery of the Nucleus )  First Nuclear Physics Experiment  Ancient Experimental Technique  Still a lot to do about nuclear structure  Observing radioactive decay (  -decay )  Nuclear Reactions ( provide more information )

34 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. why photon beam NUCLEAR REACTIONS  Incoming Particle  Strong (N,N) Reactions  Weak (e,e’ N ) Reactions  Electromagnetic ( ,N) ( ,NN) Reaction  Target  A nucleus  Knocked-out Particles  p, n, pion, etc.  Important Problem  Production of Incoming Particles (Accelerators)  Detection of Emitted Particles (Detectors)

35 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. why photon beam NUCLEAR REACTIONS  Photon is the best  Electromagnetic Interactions well known (QED)  Relatively Weak thus Nuclear System weakly perturbed  BUT !!!!!!  Cross-section is small  Long time for an experiment

36 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. why photon beam

37 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. why photon beam photonuclear reaction

38 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Application of bremsstrahlung photon  The photon beams are being used for  Sterilization of wood, soil products, human grafts, biomaterials, pharmaceutical products, polymers, food  synthesis of biomedical materials  irradiation of human tissue (extracorporeal bone tumour irradiation, tissue bank)  modification of the characteristics of semiconductors  development and calibration of dosimeters  electron irradiation induced defects in semiconductors and metals  radiation damage research  Detection of explosive and other materials using NRF and other electromagnetic processes with bremsstrahlung radiation

39 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. photonuclear reaction  Photon Interactions with Nuclei Energy Dependent  E  <40 MeV (  =Nuclear Diameter) (GDR)  40 < E  <140 (  =Few Nucleon) (QD)  E  >140 MeV (  =Single Nucleon) ( NR ) E  as a function of  per nucleus

40 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. photonuclear reaction TAC (15-20 MeV)

41 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. what can we do with bremsstrahlung Neutron sources through ( ,n) reaction Photoneutron cross-section by TOF measurement  Neutron is uncharged  Pulse-Height is not used for Tn  Time-of-flight (TOF) is the best way

42 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. J.R.M.Annand,… I. Akkurt NIM A 400(1997)345 Measured at Maxlab (Lund,Sweden)

43 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Neutron Measurement  Neutron is uncharged  Pulse-Height is not used for Tn  Time-of-flight (TOF) is the best way

44 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Foton Radyoterapi  Photon Radiotherapy in Cancer Treatment  Linac can be run in a large hospital  Maximum photon into tumor  Minimum photon into healthy tissue  SOLUTION  Collimator Techniques (High -Z Elements)  8-10 MeV photon can create neutrons in the collimator  Neutron has to be evaluated  Neutron more dangerous than photon (Quality factor ~20 for neutron ~1 for photon)

45 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys.

46

47

48 I. Akkurt et al. Phys. Med. Biol. 48(2003)3345 Photo-neutron Measurement Measured at Maxlab (Lund,Sweden)

49 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. Neutron Measurement I. Akkurt et al. Phys. Med.Biol. 48(2003)3345 Measured at Maxlab (Lund,Sweden)

50 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. I. Akkurt et al. Phys. Med.Biol. 48(2003)3345 Neutron Measurement Measured at Maxlab (Lund,Sweden)

51 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. National collaborations Istanbul, Doğuş, Bogaziçi Ankara, Gazi Uludag Dumlupınar Erciyes Nigde Suleyman Demirel

52 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys.  International Collaboration  Osaka University – Japan www.osaka-u.ac.jpwww.osaka-u.ac.jp  DESY – Hamburg (Germany) www.desy.dewww.desy.de  BESSY – Berlin (Germany) www.bessy.dewww.bessy.de  CERN – Switzerland www.cern.chwww.cern.ch  ELBE -- Dresden (Germany) www.fzd.dewww.fzd.de  Maxlab- Lund (Sweden) www.maxlab.lu.sewww.maxlab.lu.se

53 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys.  TAC (video) TAC

54 Dr. İskender AKKURT, SDÜ Nuclear Phys. TEŞEKKÜR EDERİM means THANK YOU

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