1. Introductions Dr Emma Bowers Training Coordinator Talk about: NTC Blended learning Master’s Programme Joe Spoor 1 st year STP trainee Lauren Slater 1 st year STP trainee Grace Keane 3 rd year STP trainee Dr Darren Thompson 3 rd year STP trainee

2. Radiation Safety Grace Keane Trainee Clinical Scientist Medical Physics

3. Contents About Me Radiation Safety –Radiation safety then and now –Competencies –Radiation Risks –Patient Dose audit

4. About Me University of York (2010 – 2013) BSc Hons Physics Talk given by an STP Trainee Background reading on the scheme Open days 2 weeks work experience at Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust Recruited onto STP as a medical physics trainee at Newcastle Started training in September 2013 Completed the first 6 week teaching block at Newcastle University In the midst of my second rotation

5. Radiation Safety ‘3 million CT scans per year…’ Cancer risks from DR, The British Journal of Radiology, 81 (2008), 362–378

6. Radiation Safety Radiation Safety

7. Competencies Undertake room design from first principles for a diagnostic X-ray facility and surgical laser facility Identify and plan an exercise to rehearse contingency plans (e.g. contamination incident, loss of source). Undertake measurements to assess patient dose and image quality Analyse recent radiation incidents and summarise the types and causes of incidents

8. Radiation Risks Industries Fishing Construction Clothing and Footwear Coal Mining Radiation workers Risk of death per year 1 in 6000 Average annual risk of death in the UK from accidents in various industries and cancers Potentially induced in radiation workers 1 in 800 1 in 10,000 1 in 57,000 1 in 250,000

9. Patient Dose Audit ‘ Participate in or review patient dose audit data and compare and contrast against national standards …’

10. Patient Dose Audit

11. Thanks for listening & Good luck!

12. Imaging with Ionising Radiation (IIR) Joe Spoor

13. Who am I? I am a 1 st year Scientist Training Programme (STP) trainee I am 30 years old and prior to joining the STP was a physics teacher for 7 years Medical physics has the right blend of the application of physics and benefit to the public

14. Day-to-Day on placement* * Advisory note – you have to do a few other bits and bobs as well e.g. write university essays

15. Imaging with Ionising Radiation: Nuclear Medicine Nuclear Medicine involves injecting radioactive isotopes into the body and using a gamma camera to record where they go Functional imaging produces images that indicate the biological processes in the body Treatments can also be administered in Nuclear Medicine e.g. Iodine can be used to treat thyroid cancer

16. Examples of rotation activities (nuclear medicine): Preparing radioactive samples: Investigating gamma camera parameters using various phantoms: Write case studies of patient scans: Perform quality control (QC) testing on equipment:

17. Imaging with Ionising Radiation: Diagnostic Radiology Diagnostic Radiology is basically imaging using x-rays You can use contrast agents to image soft tissue CT scanners generate images of slices through the body Combining Nuclear Medicine and CT produces fancy PET/CT images

18. Examples of rotation activities (diagnostic radiology): Consider safety, e.g. x-ray room design: Performing QC on equipment: Investigating settings on imaging quality:

19. Radiotherapy Darren Thompson 3 rd year STP Trainee Radiotherapy Physics

20. My background BSc Physics w/ Astrophysics MSc Medical Physics PhD Medical Image Processing –Included hospital experience

21. What is Radiotherapy? Cell Death Repair Carcinogenesis

22. Radiobiology Tumour Control Normal Tissue Complications

23. Planning and Delivering Radiotherapy

24. Machines

25. Proton and Heavy ion therapies