1. Victoria Secret Fashion Show 2009 & 2011

2. Group members Punpun Lowh Max Kan 1108

3. Number of races of models and angels in the shows There are 4 races of models and angels in the show in 2009. -Mongolia -Caucasian -Negroid -Hispanic There are 4 races of models and angels in the show in 2011. -Mongolia -Caucasian -Negroid -Hispanic

4. Which year had more racial diversity? Both years have equal racial diversity. 2009: Brazil, Australia,USA,China, Canada, South Africa, France, Lithuania, Sweden, United Kingdom,Hungarian, Russia or 4 races = Caucasian, Negroid, Mongolia, and Hispanic 2011: Brazil, Australia, Dutch, USA, France, China, Germany, South Africa, Estonian, Russia, United Kingdom, Latvian, Denmark or 4 races = Caucasian, Negroid, Mongolia, and Hispanic

5. Races in 2009

6. Races in 2011

7. Do we deserve more racial diversity on the Runway? Yes, we do.

8. Number of times each race appeared 2009: Mongolia: 1 Caucasian: 38 Negroid: 7 Hispanic: 16 2011: Mongolia: 3 Caucasian: 31 Negroid: 8 Hispanic: 25

10. Amount of airing time each race received 2009: Mongolia: 0.09 minutes Caucasian: 9.17 minutes Nigroid: 1.43 minutes Hispanic: 3.37 minutes 2011: Mongolia: 0.26 minutes Caucasian: 7.03 minutes Nigroid: 1.37 minutes Hispanic: 6.01 minutes

12. Number of races represented as VS angels and non-VS angels 2009: Angels : total 3 races -Mongolia: 0 -Caucasian: 11 -Negroid: 2 -Hispanic: 5 Non-angels: total 4 races -Mongolia: 1 -Caucasian: 31 -Negroid: 5 -Hispanic: 10

14. Number of races represented as VS angels and non-VS angels 2011: Angels : total 3 races -Mongolia: 0 -Caucasian: 16 -Negroid: 5 -Hispanic: 8 Non-angels: total 4 races -Mongolia: 2 -Caucasian: 15 -Negroid: 3 -Hispanic: 17

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16. Graphs analysis The first two graphs reveal the variety of models’ race. Comparing both in poportion, the 2011 has lesson equality in the poportion numbers. However, from the fact that the more model from more different nationalities were brought to the stage on 2011 interested us. Considering two races in the next diagrams, which were not given precedence by Victoria secret. The number of Negroid and Mongolian dress presenters increased, but the time they were walking on the stage did not. The last two charts convey all information about angel and non-angel posers’ race. The change from year 2009 to 2011 has come in a healthier way. A clear and fair scale of those two types were found in this developing at 11-31 to 16-15.

17. Statistical differences between the two VS fashion shows -In 2011, there are more model in the show and more race diversity than in 2009. -There are also more race diversity of angels in 2011 than 2009. Both Hispanic and Negroid angels increase almost two times. However, the time on air changes only 2.24 minutes for Hispanic which is still low compared to Caucasian.

18. Reasons behind the differences Audience -Victoria Secret’s fashion show is broadcasted on Primetime American television, so at first, most of the audience is American or Caucasian. To satisfy that group of audience, Victoria secret hires more Caucasian model than other races. -They started to cast Mongolia (Chinese) into the show for getting more attention from Asian people. This causes twice Mongolia model increase in 2011.

19. Reasons behind the differences Acceptation -There are lots of people that still have an idea of racism in nowadays. To avoid a conflict that can occur in a group of audiences and supporter, select Caucasians of as a model can be acceptable for everyone. -White skin can look better with any kinds of clothes and fashions compared to black or tan skin. This is because Victoria Secret’s clothes is made for targeting on Caucasian people.

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21. Factors influencing the VS angels’ castings -Victoria secret required 5’8 to 6’0 height and 90lb- 120lb or 41 to 55 kg weight. Have clear skin, clean and shinny hair. It also care about hair colour, eye colour, and skin tone. There target can easily be found in Caucasian more than other race. -The more popularity they are, the higher chance to be an angel. In nowaday, we can see that we usually found Caucasian model on media than Hispanic or Nigroid. This shows that more popularity means more chance to become an angel.

22. Discussion and conclusion on the racial diversity in VS fashion shows There are more model in the show and more race diversity in 2011 than 2009. However, According to Victoria Secret, it need to incease more diversity in races to satisfy the audience. This causes more race diversity with almost unchanged amount of on air time. In 2009, it care more about hair colour, eye colour, and skin tone, so at first, almost all models were Caucasian.

23. References Alexander, E. (2013, April 25). Former Angel Slams Victoria’s Secret. Retrieved from http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/04/25/kylie-bisutti-victoria% E2%80%99s-secret-model---why-she-quithttp://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/04/25/kylie-bisutti-victoria% E2%80%99 Thevsangelz. (n.d.). How to become a model Retrieved from http://thevsangelz.com/how-to-become-a-model