1. Introduction to Poetry Spring 2016

2. What is poetry? Literature in verse form in a controlled arrangement of lines and stanzas. It utilizes concise musical and emotionally charged words to express multiple layers of meaning.

3. Characteristics of Poetry Figurative language Sound devices Types of Poetry Narrative Dramatic Lyric

4. Figurative Language: Language that is used imaginatively, rather than literally to express feelings or ideas in new ways. Simile Metaphor Personification Imagery Hyperbole Symbolism Onomatopoeia Synecdoche

5. Simile Use like or as to compare two seemingly unlike things. She runs like the wind. He’s as cool as a cucumber. They’re like two peas in a pod.

6. Metaphor Speak of one thing in terms of another. More dramatic than similes because you’re saying something is another thing, not that it is like another thing. Today is a new chapter of your life. All the world’s a stage.

7. Personification Gives human traits to non-human things. The leaves danced in the wind. The coat was hanging by the door, waiting to be put on.

8. Imagery Descriptive language that creates vivid impressions. Developed through the use of sensory language, which provides details related to sight, sound, touch, taste, smell, and movement.

9. Hyperbole Exaggerating to make a particular point or create a specific impression. If I don’t get to eat pizza for dinner, I’m going to die. She ran at light-speed through the finish line.

10. Symbolism Just like in other types of literature, this occurs when a noun takes on a meaning bigger than its literal definition and comes to represent something else. What are some common symbols we see in literature or the media today?

11. Onomatopoeia Naming an action by imitating the sound associated with it. The bees buzz angrily around the hive. And just like that--bam!--the oven exploded. The door creaked open to reveal an empty room.

12. Synecdoche Using a word or words that are part of something to represent the whole. Examples: Calling credit cards “plastic” Saying “I’ve got four mouths to feed” to refer to family that you care for

13. What examples of figurative language are present in this poem? Metaphor Personification

14. What examples of figurative language are present in this poem? Personification Hyperbole *potentially Imagery Simile

15. Sound Devices: Arrangements of words that create a musical quality in a poem. Rhythm Rhyme Alliteration Assonance Consonance

16. Rhythm The pattern created by stressed and unstressed syllables of words in a sequence. Meter is a specific pattern of rhythm. Rhythm = the poem’s beat It creates a mood, enhances an emotion, or adds to the imagery.

17. Rhyme Repetition of identical sounds in the last syllables of words. Rhyme Scheme is a pattern of rhyme at the ends of lines. Label rhyme scheme in a poem with capital letters. *The X’s indicate that those lines don’t fit into the rhyme scheme

18. Alliteration Repetition of the initial consonant sounds of words. Sounds are not the same as letters, so words are still alliteration if they start with the same sound, even if they do not begin with the same letter. Repeated sounds must be near each other, but they do not have to be next to each other.

19. Assonance Repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words. Not the same thing as rhyme because the vowels are followed by different consonants. What we call a “slant rhyme” because it’s close, but not quite. Date/Fade, Spit/Kick, Cat/Laugh, Wrote/Joke

20. Consonance Repetition of consonant sounds within nearby words where the preceding vowels differ. The vowels have to be different or this would just be rhyme. The consonants have the be inside the words, or this would be alliteration. Milk/Walk, Boat/Date, Sewing/Flower

21. What sound devices are present in this excerpt from The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe? Rhyme Alliteration: W, hard C, N Assonance: Repeated O: vOlume, forgOtten, nOdded

22. Types of Poetry Narrative Dramatic Lyric

23. Narrative Tells a story with a plot, characters, and setting. Two main types of narrative poetry: epic and ballad. Epic: long narrative poem about the feats of gods or heroes. Ballad: Songlike narrative that has short stanzas and a refrain (repeated verse)

24. Dramatic Tells a story using a character’s own thoughts or spoken statements. It can be in the form of a play, a monologue, or a more traditional poem, but it was written to be performed. Unlike narrative poetry where the speaker is just a narrator telling the story, the speaker in dramatic poetry is the main character of the story & the emotions expressed are his own.

25. Lyric Express the feelings of a single speaker. Most common type of poem. They do not have to tell a story or have characters or plot.

26. Poetic Forms: Specific organization of line and stanza length, rhythm, and rhyme. Some common forms we will be studying: Haiku Tanka Free verse Sonnet

27. Haiku: Tanka: Verse form with three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables. Verse form with five unrhymed lines of five, seven, five, seven, and seven syllables. Both of these forms use imagery to convey a single vivid emotion and often draw inspiration from natural surroundings.

28. Free Verse Any poem that does not have a set pattern of rhythm or rhyme.

29. Sonnet A 14 line lyric poem with formal patterns of rhyme, rhythm, and line structure. Sonnets often call for a specified number of quatrains and couplets. Quatrain: Group of four lines Couplet: Pair of rhymed lines

30. Other Important Information: The speaker of a poem is the narrative voice. Although some poems are autobiographical, the speaker is not the author. Just as with fiction, authors create characters to express ideas and emotions in poetry. Although certain poetic forms have some requirements, in general poems do not have to follow the same punctuation or capitalization standards as other types of writing. Authors use (or choose not to use) punctuation and capitalization to create meaning in their work.