1. disease and negative effects

2. shell shock ❖ Causes: ● Believed to be caused by a physical injury to the nerves ❖ Symptoms ● Unrelenting Anxiety ● Hysterical Tics of facial muscles ● Stomach Cramps ● Hallucinations and nightmares ❖ Mortality rate ● Indirectly related suicide percent- 40% ❖ Cure ● If it was believed to be a paralysis of the nerves they used massages, rest, dietary regimes and electric shock treatment. ● If it was believed to be a psychological source they used the “talking cure”, hypnosis and rest.

3. trench foot ❖ Causes: ● Unsanitary conditions in the trenches. ❖ Symptoms: ● Swelling ● Color change ● Tingling warmth ● Blisters

4. Typhus ❖ Causes ● Microscopic Bacterial life form ❖ Symptoms ● Headache ● Chills ● Fever ● General Pains ● Rash ● Toxemia (toxic substances in the blood) ● Delirium ● Death ❖ Mortality Rate ● 3 Million deaths- 10-40% of infected ❖ Cure ● Antibiotics- Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol and Intravenous fluids were used to stabilize.

5. 1st stage of typhoid ❖ c auses: ● Spread by ingestion of faecally contaminated food or water. ● Poor hygiene and sanitation in trenches ❖ Symptoms: ● Rising temperature ● Headache ● Cough ● Bloody nose ● Decrease in white blood cells ● Abdominal pain

6. 2nd STage of Typhoid Too tired to move Fever Delirium Red spots of chest and abdomen Abdominal Pain Enlarged Spleen and Liver

7. 3rd stage of typhoid ● intestinal perforation ● pneumonia and acute bronanits ● dehydration ● intestine hemorrhage ● rash ● dry cough ● abnormal sweating

8. 4th Stage of Typhoid By the end of the third week, the fever starts subsiding and continues to do so throughout the fourth and final week Mortality Rate- 10 to 30% of infected people ● Cure:Hydrotherapy-reduces the fever

9. influenza outbreak ❖ causes: ● living in the brutal conditions of the trenches. ❖ Mortality Rate ● estimated 670.000 americans died of influenza ● estimated 43.000 servicemen mobilized for WW1 died of influenza ❖ in 1918 children would skip to the rhyme: ❖ I had a bird,its name was enza, i opened the window,and in-flew-enza

10. spanish flu ❖ Causes ● Caused by vaccinations ❖ Symptoms ● Fever ● Fatigue ● Muscle and Joint pain ● Headache ● Lack of appetite ❖ Mortality Rate ● the flu was mostly deadly for people ages 20 to 40. ● it infected 28% of all americans ● It spread along the path of human carriers,along trade routes and shipping routes.

11. malaria ❖ Causes: ● Mosquito borne disease caused by a parasite. ❖ Symptoms: ● Fever ● Chills ● Flu like illness ❖ Effects: ● In 2013 estimated 198 million cases of malaria occurred worldwide ● 500,000 people died,mostly children in the african region

12. dysentery ❖ Is inflammation of the intestine. ❖ Symptoms: ● Fever ● Abdominal pain ● Rectal tenesmus ● Causes infections such as bacteria, viruses, parasitic worms, and protozoa.

13. Negative Conditions ❖ Sleeping in unsanitary conditions (trenches) ❖ Damp conditions caused their wounds to become infected because they couldn’t heal properly. ❖ In the winter they suffered from frostbite because there was no way of heating the trenches ❖ Lice and body lice (cooties) ❖ Water was shipped in large containers and was sometimes contaminated with bug and bacteria ❖ Food was scarce; barely enough to keep them going

14. sources WWW.wikipedia.com http://www.foot-pain-explored.com/trench-foot.html http://www.flu.gov/pandemic/history/ http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/diseases/typhoid