1. Urban Land Use
Chapter 21

2. 6 Major Land Uses 1. Residential: homes
2. Transportation: roads, railways
3. Commercial: stores
4. Industrial: (eg. Food packaging plant)
5. Institutional and Public Buildings: schools, hospitals, churches, gov’t offices
6. Open Land/ Parks: vacant land, woodlots, cemeteries, fields

3. 1. Residential Density (Low, medium & high density)
Residential use density: the average number of housing units, per hectare. (1km2 = 100ha)
Low density = less than 30 units per hectare
Medium density = units per hectare
High density = more than 100 units per hectare
Types of housing:

4. Two factors affect residential density:
1) cost of land:
More expensive land = higher residential density (eg. Downtown)
WHY?
You need more people to live in a smaller area to pay for the price of the land.
Lower land cost = lower residential density (eg. Suburbs)
WHY??
You don’t need as many people to pay for the price of the land
2) Age of the neighbourhood
Older neighbourhoods = high residential density
They were formed before most people used cars, so people had to walk or bus to places. Therefore, places were close together (high density)

5. 2. Transportation Made up of 3 parts: Vehicles
Travel paths: highways, roads
Terminal facilities: train station, subway/bus stations…etc

6. 3. Commercial Centres
Areas that buy and sell a small quantity to the local residents

7. 4. Industrial Land Use Factories and manufacturing Storage warehouses
Shipping centres
Used to be built near railways and waterfronts, but this has changed….
WHY?
Improved transportation!

8. Other factors affecting land use

9. 1. ZONING Bylaws: laws for municipalities (small localities)
Controls the kind of development in an area
Eg. You cannot turn your apartment into a small convenience store!

10. 2. CLIMATE
Cold cities like Montreal and Toronto build underground paths and shopping areas!

11. 3. URBANIZATION
Urbanization (noun) is when cities grow and grow and GROW!
Urban Sprawl: growing urban areas (it is a type of urbanization which has a negative connotation). Urban areas spread too quickly, difficult to manage.

12. 4. THE GREENBELT

13. Positives and Negatives of Urbanization
creation of jobs; larger markets for businesses; better stores to shop at; more services available
Negatives:
more traffic congestion; more air pollution from traffic; loss of green space; loss of farmland

14. How to limit urban sprawl?
“SMART GROWTH!”