1. Homing

2.  The ability to return over unfamiliar territory to its ‘home’ – usually on a regular basis.

3. Homing  The ability to return over unfamiliar territory to its ‘home’ – usually on a regular basis.  Can be daily or annually.

4. Homing  The ability to return over unfamiliar territory to its ‘home’ – usually on a regular basis.  Can be daily or annually.  Eg – bees return to their hive, many frogs return to the pond where they hatched to breed.

5. Navigation  Navigating their way home (includes migration) is innate, and requires: - A sense of direction (some sort of compass)

6. Navigation  Navigating their way home (includes migration) is innate, and requires: - A sense of direction (some sort of compass) - A sense of location (info about where it is starting from)

7. Methods of navigation  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbiBXRtiVrg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbiBXRtiVrg  Landmarks – the animal recognises familiar landmarks and uses these as a guide. Common when close to home. Long distance can use coasts, and mountain ranges etc.

8. Methods of navigation  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbiBXRtiVrg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbiBXRtiVrg  Landmarks – the animal recognises familiar landmarks and uses these as a guide. Common when close to home. Long distance can use coasts, and mountain ranges etc.  Solar (sun) – Animal can set an angle to the sun when moving and it will move in a straight line. Bees and birds use this.

9. Methods of navigation  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbiBXRtiVrg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbiBXRtiVrg  Landmarks – the animal recognises familiar landmarks and uses these as a guide. Common when close to home. Long distance can use coasts, and mountain ranges etc.  Solar (sun) – Animal can set an angle to the sun when moving and it will move in a straight line. Bees and birds use this.  Stellar (stars) – Animals can orient themselves to the star patterns. Can use ‘pole’ stars when flying North/South. Birds use this.

10. Methods of navigation  Magnetic – Using the Earth’s magnetic fields. Birds, bees, whales and turtles use this.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JUYyMHOHb8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JUYyMHOHb8  Chemical (scent trails) – ants lay pheromone trails.

11. Methods of navigation  Magnetic – Using the Earth’s magnetic fields. Birds, bees, whales and turtles use this.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JUYyMHOHb8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JUYyMHOHb8  Chemical (scent trails) – ants lay pheromone trails.  Sound (sonar) – bats and dolphins use echolocation = sound waves bounce back from objects and the speed of the bounceback allows the animal to position itself.

12. Methods of navigation  Magnetic – Using the Earth’s magnetic fields. Birds, bees, whales and turtles use this.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JUYyMHOHb8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JUYyMHOHb8  Chemical (scent trails) – ants lay pheromone trails.  Sound (sonar) – bats and dolphins use echolocation = sound waves bounce back from objects and the speed of the bounceback allows the animal to position itself. * Typically, animals use a variety of methods *