1. Lesson XIII: Anesthesia
Definition:
the complete elimination of pain as induced by the administration of an anesthetic agent, with or without loss of consciousness.
 Name three types of anesthesia used in dentistry?
General
Topical
Local
Define General Anesthesia?
General anesthesia is complete unconsciousness, muscular relaxation and loss of sensation
A. Preoperative concerns:
diet restrictions
escorts
medications
B. Emergencies:
too much
aspirations
C. Recovery:
facility available

2. Define Topical Anesthesia?
Types of topical
ointment
aerosol
liquid
patches
anesthetic agent is applied to the surface of the oral mucosa producing superficial loss of sensation on nerve ending, prior to injection or other treatment

3. Define Local Anesthesia ?
loss of sensation confined to a particular part of the body
Delivery Methods/ Injection Techniques:
Define infiltration?
injecting the agent directly into the tissue at the site of the dental procedure (nerve ending)
used primarily in maxillary due to cancellous bone structure
secondary injection for mandibular tissues

4. Delivery Methods/ Injections Techniques (continued)
Define Field Block?
Injecting anesthetic near larger terminal nerve branch
Define Nerve Block?
Injecting anesthetic near the main nerve trunk
Used primarily in mandibular arch

5. Identify which technique is which?
Infiltration
B. Field Block
C. Nerve Block

6. Other anesthetics delivery systems:
Stabident
The Wand Anesthetic Delivery system
Periodontal Ligament Injection

7. Types of Anesthetics Agents:
Additional ingredients in anesthetics?
Vasoconstrictors
Uses:
Constrict blood vessels
Prolong duration of anesthesia
Reduce bleeding
Types:
Epinephrine
Levonordefrin
Neo-Cobefrin
Contraindications
High blood pressure
Other cardiac conditions
Allergy to vasoconstrictor
Pregnancy
Preservatives
Agent added to protect against decay
Common type: methyl paraben
Name two different chemical compounds?
Ester
Mainly used as topicals, metabolized primarily in the plasma
Amide
Most common chemical composition
Metabolized primarily in the liver

8. Types of anesthetic solution:
Lidocaine
Prilocaine
Mepivacaine
Articaine
Bupivacaine
Define induction?
Time span from injection to numbness
Define duration?
time area remains numbs until returns to normal feeling
Different durations:
Short acting- approx. 30 minutes
Intermediate-approx. 60 minutes
Long acting-approx. 90+ minutes
These solutions can be made with or without a vasoconstrictor
The dilution of a vasoconstrictor is commonly referred to as a ratio.
Common ratios:
1: 20,000
1:50,000
1:100,000
1:200,000
Which one of the ratios is the strongest?
1:20,000

9. How are the anesthetic solutions supplied?
Glass cartridge
In glass cartridges or carpules
1.8 ml volume
Color coded band helps identify type of anesthetic solution (if manufacturer chooses to participate)
Rubber diaphragm

10. Discuss Stabident:
Intraosseous system

11. Disposable needles Lengths of needles: Parts of needle:
1 inch
Used primarily for infiltration and children
1 5/8 inch
Used primarily for nerve blocks
Gauges of needles:
Thickness of the needle
Common dental sizes
25, 27, 30
Parts of needle:
Needle sheath
Cartridge/ carpule end
Needle hub
Injection end
Define Bevel
Define Lumen
Needle sheath
Cartridge end
hub
Injection end

12. Anesthetic Syringe Types: Aspirating (most common)
Non-aspirating (no harpoon)
Intraligamental
Threaded tip or