1. Review of Course

2. Identity and Ideology Sources of identity: – Family Influence – Gender and gender roles – Religion and spirituality – Environment – Relationship to the land – Language and Ideology – Media, Beliefs, and Values – Government Shaping Identity – Themes include: Nation Class Race Environment Relationship to the land Gender Religion

3. Progressivism— umbrella term for ideologies that advocate political/social reform, support workers rights, and social justice. Demonstrate where it would fall on the spectrum Characteristics of Ideology: – Nature of Human Beings – Structure of Society – Interpretations of History – Visions of the Future

4. examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism Entrepreneurialism Social Programs and Public Services Kibbutz NGO Hutterites

5. Individualism principles of liberalism: – individual rights and freedoms – self-interest – Competition – economic freedom – rule of law – private property Collectivism principles of collectivism: – Collective responsibility – collective interest – Cooperation – economic equality – adherence to collective norms – public property

6. Political Spectrum

8. Left/Communism Right/Capitalism Anarchism Authoritarian Dictatorship Republican Democracy Pure Democracy Capitalism Anarchy Communism Government by the people, who are directly involved on all decisions Collective ownership of property and the organization of labor for the common advantage of all members. Means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned, and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market. The absence of any form of political state or leadership One political leader with absolute power (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition, etc.) Government by the people, exercised through representatives selected in a popular vote Oligarchy Rule by a collective or group who make all decisions without outside inputs

9. Left/Communism Right/Capitalism Anarchism Authoritarian Socialism Fascism The means of producing and distributing goods is owned collectively (or by a centralized government) that often plans and controls the economy to maintain social and economic equality. Centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of opposition through terror and censorship; typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and/or racism. Dictatorship Oligarchy Republican Democracy Pure Democracy Capitalism Anarchy Communism

10. Pure Democracy Somalia Stalin’s USSR Where China thinks they are… Where China actually is today China 2050? Republican Democracy Left/Communism Right/Capitalism Socialism CapitalismCommunism Anarchism Anarchy Venezuela Castro’s Cuba Collapse of central government in mid-1990s led to country run by economic opportunists, terrorists, and militaristic gangs. Currently trying to reestablish central government, but it controls only part of the capitol and none of the body of the country. Modern day Europe AuthoritarianFascism Dictatorship

11. Related Issue 2 Review

12. Classical vs. Modern Liberalism

13. Classical Liberal Thinkers John Locke – Government should be accountable to ppl. – Private property=good – Against authoritarianism – Humans are reasonable Montesquieu – Separation of powers – Accountability of individual – Equality of individuals Adam Smith – Laissez-faire – People should work for themselves – Government should be limited John Stuart Mill – Individualist—freedom should be protected – Welfare capitalism (government’s provided protection for workers) – Only limitations on liberty should be those that protect the liberties of others

14. Enlightenment French Revolution American Revolution Industrial Revolution

15. Opposition to Classical Liberalism Luddites Chartists Socialists Utopians Socialists Marxists Classical Conservativism

16. Welfare State Great Depression Keynesian Economics – Boom Bust Cycle The New Deal (FDR) Winnipeg General Strike Labour Unions Universal Suffrage More money in your pockets: Governments should spend money in a recession to reduce its severity. It should also reduce taxes. Less money in your pockets: Governments should spend less money in boom times to soften a boom. It should also raise taxes.

18. Authoritarian Governments: Hitler and Stalin KNOW: How these regimes rejected liberalism – Pre-conditions that allowed the regimes to come to power – Biography – Rise to power – Illiberal practices while in power – Placemetn on political and economic spectrum

19. Cold War Yalta and Potsdam Conferences Spheres of Influence Expansionism Containment Deterrence Brinkmanship Non-Alignment Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Berlin Wall Hungary (Fall) Czech Republic Yugoslavia Cuban Missile Crisis Proxy Wars

20. Related Issue 3 Review

21. Systems that do not reflect the will of the people (not responsible/accountable) Dictatorships/ Authoritarians systems Systems that reflect the will of the people (responsible/accountable) Democracies RepresentativeParliamentaryPresidential (USA) Direct Nunavut, Athens, Web/Politics 2.0 Canada

22. Governor General (symbolic Office) Prime Minister and Cabinet House of Commons Citizens Senate Supreme Court Appoints Elect

23. Citizens President Cabinet ELECT House of Representatives Senate ELECT Supreme Court Appoints Approves

24. Authoritarian Political Systems Types: Oligarchies One Party States Military Dictatorships Techniques of Authoritarian Governments : Vision Propaganda Directing Public Discontent Terror Controlled Participation

25. Balancing the Common Good with Individual Rights French Language Laws Religious Symbolism/ Reasonable Accommodation War Measures Act – FLQ Crisis – Japanese Cdn. Internment Emergencies Act PATRIOT Act No Fly List Individual and Collective Rights Charter of Rights and Freedoms

26. Liberalism Evolves… Environmentalism Neo-Conservativism Religious Perspectives Aboriginal Perspectives

27. Aboriginals Historical/traditional ideological beliefs of First Nations—Private Property (Historical) Treaties Enfranchisement Residential Schools White Paper (Red Paper) Potlatch Indian Act

28. Challenges to Liberal Thought Post-Modernism Extremism Economic Extremism

29. Is Contemporary Liberalism Viable? Environmentalism Consumerism Pandemics Water Shortages