2. Monarchy and Democracy

3. What Is A Monarchy A Monarchy is a form of government in which sovereignty is actually embodied in one or several individual(s).

4. A country that is a Monarchy is ruled by a monarch (such as a king or queen)

5. When the monarch has no or few legal restraints in state and political matters, it is called an absolute monarchyabsolute monarchy

6. An absolute monarch has unrestricted political power over the sovereign state and its people.

7. When the monarch's discretion is formally limited it is called constitutional monarchies.constitutional monarchies The monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role, but exercises limited or no official political power. The monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized government.monarch

8. In hereditary monarchies, the office is passed through inheritance within a family group.hereditary monarchies

9. Under a hereditary monarchy, all the monarchs come from the same family, and the crown is passed down from one member to another member of the family.

11. What is a Demorcary? A Democracy is government by the people. It is a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.

12. What is a Demorcary? A Democracy is government by the people. It is a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.

13. The United States and Canada are democracies.

14. In a democracy eligible members of a state are elected.

15. .

16. People choose leaders by voting.

17. It is a political system for choosing and replacing the government through free and fair elections.

18. It is for the active participation of the people.

19. Protection of the human rights of all citizens. Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings.

20. Whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.

21. Democracy is a rule of law, in which the laws and procedures apply equally to all citizens

22. The most important aspect of democracy is the limited freedom that it provides its people with.

23. They are allowed to express themselves more freely than those people who reside in monarchies, for they have virtually no one to fear.

24. I. Theories of Government Evolution Theory – A population formed out of primitive families. The heads of these families became the government. When these families settled in one territory and claimed it as their own, they became a sovereign state. Force Theory – An individual or group claimed control over a territory and forced the population to submit. In this way, the state became sovereign, and those in control formed a government.

25. Theories of Government Divine Right Theory – God created the state, making it sovereign. The government is made up of those chosen by God to rule a certain territory. The population must obey their ruler. Social Contract Theory – A population in a given territory gave up as much power to a government as needed to promote the well-being of all. In doing so, they created a sovereign state.

26. II. Contributions of the Greeks Athenian Democracy or Direct Democracy –W–When: 508 BCE – 322 BCE –W–What: Also called pure democracy Occurs when the will of the people translates directly into public policy Works only on a small, local level –W–Where:

27. So, what kind of government do we have in the U.S. today?

28. English Origins of American Government The Magna Carta (1215) -King John is forced to sign by barons -Included guarantees of such fundamental rights as trial by jury and due process of law -Protection against absolute power

29. English Government – Parliament Arrives Parliament was a council of nobility created to advise the monarch. History of hostility between parliament and monarch. Parliament = House of Lords + House of Commons House of Lords- nobility House of Commons - wealthy and people of standing in community- knights, merchants, craftsmen.

30. English Origins of American Government The English Bill of Rights (1689) -Signed by William and Mary of Orange during the Glorious Revolution -Prohibited a standing army in peace time -Required free parliamentary elections

31. John Locke, 1632-1704

32. John Locke’s Natural Rights Philosophy State of Nature Natural Rights Human Nature Purpose of Government Social Contract Theory

33. Pure Democracy and Crowdsourcing Pros of Delegating Decision- making: – Efficient – Expert quality Pros of Pure Democracy: – Equality – Representational quality