1. Today: 11/30/15 Monday  Pick up a copy of the guided notes paper on the front stool. We’ll be starting volcanism today. I’ll give you guys/gals a heads-up on the model project you’ll be working on for this unit.

2. Today: 12/1/15 Tuesday  Honors: Turn in your text book to page 248.  CP: Get a copy of the data sheet on the front stool.

3. Chapter 18 - Volcanoes 18.1 Volcanism

4. Volcanism  Describes all processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot fluids, and gases http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ww w.kidsgeo.com/images/volcanicim.jpg&imgrefurl= http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0049- volcanism.php&h=200&w=300&sz=10&hl=en&st art=5&tbnid=2qhJLJRLrxKp3M:&tbnh=77&tbnw =116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvolcanism%26gbv %3D2%26hl%3Den

5. Magma  Slushy mixture of molten rock, mineral crystals, and gases  Lava = magma that reaches the surface http://www.stmarys.ca/conted/webcourses/GEO /GEO99/pubigneous/liquidlava.jpg

6. Volcanoes  Distribution of volcanoes is not random  Most from at Plate Boundaries  Majority are at convergent and divergent boundaries

7. Convergent Volcanism  Occur at subduction zones  Oceanic plate descends into mantle  Magma moves upward  Mixes with rocks, minerals, and sediment  Form explosive volcanoes

8. Subduction Zone

9. Two Major Belts of Convergent Volcanoes  Circum-Pacific Belt  Mediterranean Belt http://survivoralert.com/images/platesAndVolcanoes.gif

10. Divergent Volcanism  Occurs where plates are moving away from each other  New floor forms as magma rises  Non-explosive, Large amounts of lava  Mostly underwater volcanoes

12. Hot Spots  Unusually hot regions of mantle where high- temperature plumes of magma rise to the surface  Ex: Hawaiian islands  Rate of plate movement can be calculated from position of volcanoes

13. Hot Spot Formation  Hot spot remained stationary but Pacific plate slowly moved northwest  Left trail of islands

14. Flood Basalts  Non-viscous lava that flows through surface of Earth out of cracks called fissures http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect17/lipmap2.gif

15. Notes 18.1 B Continue “Volcanoes”

16. Anatomy of Volcano  Conduit = tubelike structures through which lava flows  Vent = opening where lava reaches surfae  Lava cools and solidifies  Over time it accumulates to form a volcano

17. Anatomy of Volcano  Crater = bowl-shaped depression at top of volcano  Calderas = large depressions formed when magma chamber is emptied http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/images/wupatk1.jpg

18. Caldera http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/Aniakchak/dds40-039_large.jpg

19. Types of Volcanoes  Shield  Cinder cone  Composite/Stratovolcano

20. Shield Volcanoes  Broad, gently sloping sides  Circular base  Formed as layers of lava accumulate from non- explosive eruptions

21. Shield Volcano http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/793/51 03249.JPG http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/Hawaii/Ima ges/MaunaLoa79_mauna_loa_shield_volcano_05 -79_med.jpg

22.  Mauna Loa, Hawaii  Shield Volcano

23. Cinder Cone Volcanoes  Steep slopes, generally small  Form as small pieces of magma are ejected into the air  Pieces = tephra – pile around vent

24. Cinder Cone http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ ete/images/modules/volcanoes/typesa.GIF&imgrefurl=http://w ww.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtypesvolcan1.html&h=236 &w=265&sz=13&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=1cbnv3DoRKQHNM:&tb nh=100&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcinder%2Bcone% 2Bvolcano%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den http://192.107.108.56/portfolios/m/m uscara_j/toolsvis/images/colorcinderc one2.jpg

25. Composite Volcanoes  Cone-shaped with concave sides, much bigger than Cinder Cone  Formed of layers of hardened chucks from violent erupts alternative with layers of lava oozing down slope

26. Composite Volcanoes http://www1.moe.edu.sg/learn@/Quest/winn ers/primary/yu_neng_pri_volcano_nc/xplopix 9.gif http://www1.moe.edu.sg/learn @/Quest/winners/primary/yu_ neng_pri_volcano_nc/versuviu s.htm

27. Mount Vesuvius http://www.assessrisk.com/italy2006/d9_14.jpg

28. In-Class Assignment  Volcano Cube