2.  Planning and self management are one of the metacognitive strategies that include on learning strategies. What is Metacognitive? Is a term used in information processing. Is to refer to higher-order cognition – Conditional knowledge is discussed next, followed by an explanation of how metacognitive process help to intergrate information processing. Metacognition refers to the deliberate conscious control of cognitive activity. ( Brown 1980; Matlin, 2009)

3.  The strategies that involve ( Purpura, 1997 )  Planning for learning  Thinking about the learning process  Monitoring of one’s production or comprehension  Evaluating learning after an activity is completed

4. What is metacognition? It has usually been broadly and rather loosely defined as any knowledge or cognitive activity that takes as its objects, or regulates, any aspect of any cognitive enterprise…It’s called metacognition because it’s core meaning is “cognition about cognition “. Metacognitive skills are believed to play an important role in many types of cognitive theory, including oral and reading comprehension, writing, language acquisition, perception, attention, memory, problem solving, social cognition and various forms of self –instruction and self-control. ( Flavell, 1985, p. 104 )

5. PLANNING MANAGEMENT  From Learner’s Perspective :  Planning for and rehearsing linguistic components necessary to carry out an upcoming language task.  Learning strategies, O’Malley et, al. 1985 : 582-584  ( Planning = Content + Methods to achieve goals) -Planning formula strategies, from A Guide To Effective Learning, Donald C. Orlich, 9 th edition.

6. Cont’d; Instructional Planning Procedures Stage 1 ( Preplanning) Stage 2 ( Unit and Lesson Planning) Stage 3 ( Post lesson activities )

7. From Student’s Perspective  The skills that allowed you to look forward and set the goal and mostly let you to make and implement decisions.  Core of compentency on planning skills that identified by Dan J. Power :  Goal setting  Organizing, analyzing, gathering data  Diagnosing problem and their causes  Predicting and forecasting  Communications  Evaluating and comparing courses of action  Implementing and monitoring actions

8. Self Management  From learner’s view  Understanding the conditions that help one learn and arranging for the presence of those conditions.  (Learning strategies, O’Malley et, al. 1985 : 582-584)  From student’s view  The skills that involves setting goals and managing time. With developing motivation and concentration will help to overcome the lure of procrastination. One of the main point in self-management is self-regulation. It refers on individuals monitoring, controlling, directing way of their learning.

9. Examples of strategies that can be used for self management  Time management or anti procrastination strategies  attitude/confidence strategies  handling distraction  exam preparations  Inner spiritual preparations