1. C1 Revision Foundation Level

2. How many atoms are represented in the formula Na 2 CO 3 ? 6

3. How many elements are represented in the formula KHCO 3 ? 4

4. Name one product in this reaction. carbon dioxide, water methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

5. What do we call the substances on the left hand side of a chemical equation? reactants methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

6. When this equation is balanced, what is the value of x? 2 2Cu + O 2 xCuO

7. How many elements are represented by this displayed formula? 2

8. How many atoms are represented by this displayed formula? 11

9. What do the lines represent in this displayed formula? covalent bonds

10. What is the molecular formula of this hydrocarbon? C 5 H 12

11. Why do we cook food? to kill microbes, improve the taste, improve the texture, improve the flavour, make it easier to digest

12. Is cooking food a chemical or a physical change? a chemical change

13. How do we know that cooking is a chemical change? new substance is made it is not reversible an energy change takes place

14. What foods are good sources of protein? meat, eggs

15. What happens to protein molecules when they are cooked? they change shape

16. What is the test for carbon dioxide? lime water goes cloudy

17. What are the main types of food additives? antioxidants food colours emulsifiers flavour enhancers

18. What food additives stop food reacting with oxygen? antioxidants

19. What do emulsifiers do? help oil and water to mix and not separate

20. What are the features of emulsifier molecules ? they have a water- loving end and an oil-loving end

21. What two substances are needed to make an ester? an alcohol and an acid

22. A solution is made up of which two substances? a solvent and a solute

23. Esters can be used as nail-varnish removers. What is the solute? nail varnish

24. From what chemicals is crude oil made? hydrocarbons

25. How are the different substances in crude oil separated? by fractional distillation

26. Where is the fractionating column hottest? at the bottom

27. Where do substances with low boiling points exit the fractionating column? at the top

28. What does the process of cracking do ? makes smaller (more useful) molecules out of bigger (less useful) molecules.

29. What conditions are needed for cracking? high temperature catalyst

30. What polymer can be made from the hydrocarbon propene? polypropene

31. What is polystyrene used for? damage protection in packaging and insulation

32. What do we call the small molecules (like propene) which join up to make the polymer molecule (like polypropene)? monomers

33. What conditions are needed for polymerisation? high pressure catalyst

34. What is a hydrocarbon? a compound of carbon and hydrogen only

35. What is this displayed formula of: an alkene or an alkane? an alkane

36. Is butene an alkane or an alkene? an alkene

37. How is Gore-Tex an improvement on nylon? it is breathable

38. How are waste polymers disposed of? recycling landfill burning

39. What is the problem with burning polymers? they produce toxic gases

40. What are the three fossil fuels? coal oil natural gas

41. What factors do we have to consider when choosing a suitable fuel? Toxicity Energy value Availability Cost Usability Pollution Storage

42. What gas in the air is needed for combustion? oxygen

43. What is the equation for the combustion of methane (CH 4 )? methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

44. What are the products of incomplete combustion? carbon monoxide or carbon, and water

45. What colour is the flame when incomplete combustion takes place? yellow

46. Why is complete combustion better than incomplete combustion? more energy released less soot made toxic carbon monoxide not made

47. What units are used for measuring energy? joules or kilojoules

48. In the spirit burner experiment, what has to be done to make a fair test when comparing fuels? same starting temperature same distance between flame and calorimeter

49. What is the missing temperature? 53ºC Initial temp/ºC Final temp/ºC Temp change/ºC 2231