1. C1 Smart teach 4: Metals

2. Key Terms Ore: Is a naturally occurring rock that contains metal compounds in sufficient amounts to make it worth extracting them. Extraction: Getting a pure sample of a metal

3. Alloys - properties 1) Definition: A mixture of metals 2) Why are alloys stronger than pure metals? (This comes up a lot) HINT: If the diagram is not in the exam question then draw this one. Explanation: In pure meals -all atoms are the same size Atoms are in neat rows/layers The layers can slide over each other In alloys - There are different sized atoms This disrupts the layers the layers can not slides over each other Pure metal Alloy

4. Alloys - Gold Gold is an alloy Pure gold is too soft so alloying makes it stronger Pure gold is 24 carat gold Why is gold used in jewellery? Does not tarnish Unreactive Shiny and maleable

7. Extraction of metals (DON’T TAKE NOTE ON THIS SLIDE) Metals are usually found joined to oxygen Eg: Magnesium Oxide, Iron Oxide and Zinc Oxide To get a pure metal we need to remove the oxygen: this is called extraction. Eg EXTRACTION = Magnesium Oxide  Magnesium + Oxygen

8. Extraction of metals In any question where you are asked to name the reaction involved in the extraction of metals: The answer is REDUCTION Reduction means to lose oxygen If something gains oxygen this is called: OXIDATION

9. Extraction of metals The method used to extract metals depends on its reactivity If a metal is more reactive than carbon then is extracted by: Electrolysis. For example: magnesium and aluminium. Explanation: These metals oxides are more stable, making it more difficult to remove the oxygen. Electrolysis is a more powerful method of reduction If a metal is less reactive than carbon then it is extracted by: Heating with carbon. For example Iron. Explanation: Carbon is more reactive so it can reduce the metal

11. Extraction of metals Iron can be extracted by electrolysis or heating with carbon. A common exam question is: “Why is heating with carbon a more preferred method of extraction for iron” Ans: It is cheaper than electrolysis

14. METALS Aluminium USE – aeroplanes Relevant Properties - low density (allow light), strong, resistant to corrosion Gold USE - jewellery Relevant Properties - excellent resistance to corrosion, valuable, Silver USE - cutlery Relevant Properties - very good resistance to corrosion, valuable