1. Ferrous and non-ferrous alloys
Metal
Ferrous and non-ferrous alloys

2. What is ferrous and non-ferrous metal?
Ferrous means contain iron,
while non-ferrous means do not contain iron.

3. Example Ferrous metal Non-ferrous metal
Mild steel, carbon steel, cast iron and wrought iron
Non-ferrous metal
Aluminium, copper, brass, silver, lead.

4. Characteristics Ferrous Non-ferrous magnetic Not magnetic
Give little resistance to corrosion
corrosion
Less malleable
More malleable
heavier
Lighter

5. Application
Ferrous
Mild Steel – Carbon content of 0.1 to 0.3% and Iron content of 99.7 – 99.9%.
Used for engineering purposes and in general, none specialised metal products.
Carbon steel – Carbon content of 0.6 to 1.4% and Iron content of 98.6 to 99.4 %.
  Used to make cutting tools such as drill bits.
Stainless Steel – Made up of Iron, nickel and chromium.
Resists staining and corrosion and is therefore used for the likes of cutlery and surgical instrumentation.
Cast Iron – carbon 2 – 6% and Iron at 94 to 98%. Very strong but brittle.
Used to manufacture items such as engine blocks and manhole covers.
Wrought Iron – Composed of almost 100% iron.
Used to make items such as ornamental gates and fencing. Has fallen out of use somewhat.

6. Non-ferrous
Aluminium – An alloy of aluminium, copper and manganese. Very lightweight and easily worked.
Used in aircraft manufacture, window frames and some kitchen ware.
Copper – Copper is a natural occurring substance.
Used for wiring, tubing and pipe work.
Brass – A combination of copper and zinc, usually in the proportions of 65% to 35% respectively.
Is used for ornamental purposes and within electrical fittings.
Silver – Mainly a natural substance, but mixing with copper creates sterling silver.
Used for decorative impact in jewellery and ornaments, and also to solder different metals together.
Lead – Lead is a naturally occurring substance. It is heavy and very soft and is often used in roofing, in batteries and to make pipes.