1. MODERN GEORGIA

2. 1946 Governor’s Race Three Governor’s Controversy  Turn to page 80 and 81  Eugene Talmadge wins the election. Before he is sworn in, Eugene Talmadge dies.  In 1945, a new constitution created the office of Lieutenant Governor. M.E. Thompson won the election for Lt. Governor. Many believed he was the new governor.

3. 1946 Governor’s Race Three Governor’s Controversy  The sitting governor, Ellis Arnall refused to leave office until the new governor was decided upon. Many believed he was still the governor.  Eugene’s son, Herman Talmadge had received a large number of write in votes in his father’s election. Many believed he should become governor.

4. 1946 Governor’s Race Three Governor’s Controversy  The Georgia Supreme Court ruled that Thompson was the acting governor until a special election in 1948 to determine who would finish the term.  Herman Talmadge wins that special election and serves as governor until 1955.

5. Herman Talmadge  Turn to page 82  A strict segregationist  His legacy is in the field of education. He expanded schools to include grades 1-12 and lengthened the school year to nine months and raised standards.  He passed a 3% sales tax to pay for these educational changes.

6. Brown vs Board of Education  In Kansas, when Linda Brown tried to enroll in an all white school her entry was denied.  The NAACP helped Linda’s family sue the Board of Education  The Supreme Court ruled that separate-but-equal schools were unconstitutional. It ordered the integration of schools “with deliberate speed.”  Plessy vs Ferguson was finally overturned.

7. The Sibley Commission  Turn to page 84  A 14 member group organized to study the problem of integration  The courts had ordered integration, and Georgians wanted segregation in their schools.  The commission reported to Governor Vandiver that schools should remain open, even if it meant integration.

8. The Integration of the University of Georgia  Turn to page 85  Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes were the first two black students to enroll in UGA  A judge ordered that the university admit these two students.  Governor Vandiver admitted he had been wrong to fight integration.  Georgia’s efforts at desegregation became calmer and smoother.

9. Atlanta in the Civil Rights Movement  Turn to page 83  Atlanta’s mayor and business leaders wanted integration to be a peaceful process. They believed that once schools integrated, other public services would follow.  The nation was watching Atlanta

10. Georgia’s State Flag (1956)  Turn to page 86 and 87  Many people believe the decision to change the flag came as a massive resistance to desegregation, a symbol of protest.  The stars and bars from the Confederate flag were incorporated in the new flag.

11. Martin Luther King, Jr.  Turn to page 88  Martin learned from his father, an older leader in the black community of Atlanta.  MLK was a pastor at a church in Montgomery, Alabama. He helped to lead a boycott on the bus system.  He helped to form the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) which pushed for civil rights for all African Americans.

12. Benjamin Mays  Turn to page 90  Benjamin Mays was a lifelong educator. He was the president of Morehouse College.  He was active in the community and a mentor to many of his students at Morehouse, especially Martin Luther King, Jr.  Dr. King called Dr. Mays his “intellectual father” and “spiritual mentor.”  Dr. Mays believed that it was wrong to use violence to bring about change.

13. The March on Washington  Turn to page 90  President John F. Kennedy sent the strongest civil rights bill in history to congress in 1963. It called for an end to discrimination. Congress was slow to pass this legislation.  In Birmingham, Alabama the attitude toward integration was defiant. The town was filled with violence.

14. The March on Washington  In August of 1963, about 250,000 people took part in the March on Washington to show their support of the Civil Rights Act.  Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous “I Have A Dream” speech at this event.

15. Civil Rights Act  Written by President Kennedy, the bill was passed and signed in July of 1964.  President Kennedy was assassinated before it passed and President Johnson signed the bill into law.  It said segregation of public places was illegal and that all people had the right to these spaces. It also made sure there was voting rights for all.

16. Lester Maddox  Turn to page 92  In 1967 Lester Maddox becomes governor. He was a segregationist and restaurant owner.  Surprisingly, Maddox appointed more African Americans to state boards and commissions than all prior governments combined.  He created “People’s Days” to get input from voters.

17. Maynard Jackson  Turn to page 93  Jackson was Atlanta’s youngest AND first African American mayor elected.  He increased programs for the arts  He addressed the need to expand the airport  He led an effort to host the Olympics

18. Andrew Young  Turn to page 95  Known for his role in civil rights and for his political leadership.  A top aide to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.  Ambassador to the United Nations  Mayor of Atlanta  Helped bring the Olympics to Atlanta.

19. End of the county unit system and Reapportionment  System originated as a way that rural Georgia could keep control of politics.  As Atlanta grew, it became obvious it was unfair.  In 1962 the Supreme Court ended this practice and Georgia started the “one man, one vote” rule.  The state redrew lines of districts to make sure they were equal in size.

20. Jimmy Carter  Turn to page 102  Only Georgian to serve as President  He created the Department of Education  Established full diplomatic relations with China  He continues to work for humanitarian causes

21. 1996 Olympics  Turn to page 103  William “Billy” Payne was the leader in bringing the Olympics to Atlanta.  Along with Mayor Andrew Young and others, an organizing committee was formed.  Jobs were created and the Georgia economy boomed from this event. We STILL feel the positive economic impact TODAY!  A bombing in Centennial Park brought the events to a stop, but not for long.

22. Immigrants  Turn to page 104  Immigrants bring job security to many industries. From onions in Vidalia, to carpet in Dalton to poultry farms in Gainesville, immigrants contribute to our economy and more importantly our culture.