1. Ottoman Empire and The Establishment of Modern State of Israel Georgia Standard SS7H2(a.b)

2. Standard-1 SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21 st century. (a) Explain how European partitioning (block or separate) in the Middle East after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire led to regional conflict.

3. The Ottoman Empire At one time in history, the Muslim Ottoman Empire (Muslim Turks) was six times the size of Texas! It stretched across what is now Turkey, parts of SE Europe, northern Africa, and SWA. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIBO-meEtC8

4.  Before World War I, the Ottoman Empire had already lost big chunks of its empire. Because it ended up on the losing side, Britain & France divided up the land that remained.  France-took control of Lebanon & Syria.  Britain-took control of Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, & Jordan.  The problems created by this land division have persisted into the Middle East today.

5. The countries that were created by the San Remo Agreement are part of what is known today as the modern Middle East or SWA. These countries include Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Palestine and Afghanistan among others.

6.  Europeans desiring immediate control of the area and looking to future oil profits  Europeans desiring immediate control of the area and looking to future oil profits decided on political borders for the new countries.  Britain & France drew borders that paid no attention to local cultures and tribes.  Shia and Sunni Muslim territories were merges into the new country of Iraq. Kurds found themselves divided among Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. These countries tried to rule the Kurds with an iron fist.  Europeans paid little attention to the ethnic and religious groups who were already living in the areas. Some of these groups had been enemies for generations.

8. The new boundaries that were drawn did not take into consideration the concept of NATIONALISM. (Nationalism: The idea that countries are most successful if the people who live there share some common cultural, historic, or religious beliefs).

9. The Ottoman Empire in 1914 cont. As a result, many different groups who had no cultural ties, or in the worse case, groups who were life-long enemies were forced to live together in one country. This has led to ongoing conflicts or wars. http://figure.0fees.net/images/4-stick-figure- fighting.jpg

10. Standard-2 SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21 st century. (b) Explain the historical reasons for the establishment of the modern State of Israel in 1948; include the Jewish religious connections to the land, the Holocaust, anti-Semitism, and Zionism in Europe.

11. Agenda Message: Agenda Message: After school tutoring is tomorrow, Wednesday September 19 th from 4p - 5. Homework assignment Chapter 22, “Israel Brand New Country” due tomorrow, 9/19/12. Standard: Standard: Explain historical reasons for the establishment of the modern State of Israel in 1948 including Jewish religious connections to the land, the Holocaust, anti-Semitism & Zionism in Europe. E.Q. Tuesday, September 18, 2012 E.Q. Tuesday, September 18, 2012: What did the group called Zionist want to achieve? Warm Up Warm Up: Much of modern day SWA was part of what empire? Today We Will Today We Will: 1. Review Chapter 21”What were they thinking” homework 2. The establishment of the modern State of Israel

12. Establishment of the Modern State of Israel -One of the areas created from the fall of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I was Palestine (Palestinians). Palestine was important to Jews, Christians, and Muslims because this is where much of what is written in the Old and New Testaments, and the Quran took place. ***There are many religious sites in Palestine sacred to all three religions. Most of these important sites are in Jerusalem (i.e. the Dome of the Rock, the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, and the Wailing Wall).

13. Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. -The British were given the responsibility for ruling in Palestine until a decision could be made about how to establish a permanent government there. -Most of the people living in Palestine before World War II were Palestinian Arabs. -However, since the late 1800’s large numbers of Jewish settlers had been immigrating to the area from both Western and Eastern Europe.

14. Agenda Message: Agenda Message: Homework assignment Chapter 21, “What Were They Thinking” due Tuesday, 9/17/13. Standard: Standard: Explain historical reasons for the establishment of the modern State of Israel in 1948 including Jewish religious connections to the land, the Holocaust, anti-Semitism & Zionism in Europe. E.Q. Monday, September 16, 2013 E.Q. Monday, September 16, 2013: What is anti-Semitism? Warm Up Warm Up: What ethnic group lived in Palestine before it became Israel? Today We Will Today We Will: 1. Historical Understanding, Chapter 21; “What Were They Thinking?”

15. -Since the Diaspora many of the early Jewish settlers wanted to create a homeland for the world’s Jews in Palestine. They believed the land in this area had been promised to them by God many thousand of years ago, as told in the stories of the Old Testament.

16. Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. ***These groups were known as Zionists, people who felt the world’s Jews deserved to return to a homeland in Zion, or those parts of Palestine where the Jewish people had lived in Biblical times. There was a Zionist Movement in Europe helped to establish the State of Israel. Conflicts began to break out between the Jewish settlers and the Palestinian Arabs, as each group tried to hold onto the land.

18. Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. Each religious group felt a special affinity towards the land based upon their belief that it had been given to them by God through the patriarch Abraham

19. -During World War II, the Jewish people in Europe suffered terribly at the hand of the Nazi government of Germany. -There was widespread anti-Semitism (which is hatred of the Jews simply because they practiced the Jewish faith) in Europe.

20. Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. ***Over six million European Jews were killed in concentration camps set up by Germany and many thousands of others had to leave Europe to avoid death. This terrible time came to be known as the Holocaust.

21. -At the end of the war, the Jewish people of the world wanted to take steps to be sure nothing like this could ever happen again. -Many countries around the world felt tremendous guilt over the Holocaust as they began to learn the details of what had gone on in the German-run concentration camps.

22. Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. ***A number of Jewish groups living in Europe and the United States, even before the Holocaust, had talked of trying to set up a homeland for the Jewish people in the region of the Middle East known as Palestine. The ZIONIST MOVEMENT in Europe helped establish the State of Israel.

23. ***At the end of the war, the newly created United Nations also believed something should be done for the Jewish people because of their suffering. In 1948, the United Nations voted to create a homeland for the Jews in part of Palestine. The Jews who were living there accepted the offer and declared the creation of the State of Israel.

24. Agenda Message: Agenda Message:. Standard: Standard: Explain historical reasons for the establishment of the modern State of Israel in 1948 including Jewish religious connections to the land, the Holocaust, anti-Semitism & Zionism in Europe. E.Q. Tuesday, September 17, 2013 E.Q. Tuesday, September 17, 2013: How did the Palestinian Arabs react when the United Nations created the modern State of Israel in what was formerly Palestine? Warm Up Warm Up: How was the holocaust instrumental in the creation of the modern State of Israel? Today We Will Today We Will: 1. Complete the establishment of the modern State of Israel 2. Review of Historical Understandings (Ottoman Empire – Israel)

25. ***However, not everyone was happy with this new state. Palestinian Arabs living in the area felt the United Nations decision was unfair, along with many other Arab countries. They refused to accept the new state.

26. Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. War broke out in May 1948 between the new state of Israel and the Palestinians Arabs. Other Arab countries in the Middle East agreed with the Palestinians and sided with them during this war. Arabs were unable to win this war, and the new state of Israel survived, taking over even more land than had originally been planned (i.e. Gaza Strip, West Bank) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XU5BvPhh05s