1. Molecules of Life Lesson 2.1

2. Biochemistry Is the detailed study of the molecules of life, how they are made, how they interact, and how they are broken down.

3. Organic Molecules Chemicals that are important to LIFE.

4. Organic Molecules Always contain carbon and hydrogen. Usually contain oxygen Sometimes contain nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, and other elements.

5. Major classes of LARGE organic molecules in the body include: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids

6. Important SMALL molecules and atoms include: ATP Sodium Potassium Chloride Calcium Phosphate Water

7. CARBOHYDRATES Also know as saccharides are ‘sugar’ and ‘starch’ molecules. Carbohydrates made of just one or two simple subunits are called simple carbohydrates or simple sugars. Monosaccharide (simple sugar) Glucose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) and is the main form of sugar that circulates in the blood.

8. (Carbohydrates) Sucrose (table sugar) is a disaccharide made of two monosaccharides: glucose and fructose. Simple sugars can join together into long chains known as complex carbohydrates. A molecule made up of many similar subunits is called a polymer. Glycogen is a polymer of glucose and is found in animals. Starch is a polymer of simple sugars and is found in plants.

9. How Carbohydrates work in the body. Liver and muscle cells make glycogen molecules from glucose. The glycogen granules are a form of stored fuel. When a muscle cell needs fuel, it can break glucose molecules off of the glycogen and use the glucose for energy.

10. If blood sugar becomes too low, liver cells break glucose molecules off of the glycogen and release the glucose into the blood. A single glycogen molecule may contain hundreds of thousands of glucose subunits.

11. Carbohydrates main purpose in the body The main function of carbohydrates in the body is to serve as a source of chemical energy, or fuel. The body can quickly utilize this fuel to make ATP.

12. Videos and Tips Dissect your words – Carbo/hydrates, you know there is Carbon and hydrates (hydrogen+oxygen=water) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XarH4kn urY

13. HOMEWORK!!!! Homework – answer the questions below: 1.What subunits form carbohydrates? 2.What is the term for simple sugars that join together in long chains? 3.Where in the body are glycogen molecules made from glucose?