1. CHAPTER 6 TEST: CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEW SHEET

2. 1. What are the 2 main types of bonds that we have learned about? 2. During an ionic bond, valence electrons are_____ 3. During a covalent bond, valence electrons are_____ 4. What periodic trend can be used to determine the type of bond that elements will form? 1. IONIC AND COVALENT 2. TAKEN OR GIVEN AWAY 3. SHARED 4. ELECTRONEGATIVITY

3. 5. What levels of differences in electronegativity correspond to polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, and ionic bonds? 6. If Sodium, Na, was to bond with Chlorine, Cl, what type of bond would they form? 7. If Bromine, Br was to bond with Chlorine, Cl, what type of bond would they form? 8. If Hydrogen, H was to bond with Oxygen, O, what type of bond would they form? 5. IONIC: 3.3-1.7, P.C.: 1.7-0.3, N.P.C.: 0.3-0.0 6. IONIC 7. NON POLAR COVALENT 8. POLAR COVALENT

4. 9. According to the octet rule, a calcium atom has a tendency to do what? 10. As the electronegativity difference between bonded atoms decreases, the bond becomes more Ionic or Covalent? 11. As atoms bond with each other, what happens to their potential energy? 12. As atoms bond with each other, do they become more or less stable? 9. LOSE 2 VALENCE ELECTRONS 10. COVALENT 11. DECREASE IN POTENTIAL ENERGY 12. MORE STABLE

5. 13. The principle that states that atoms tend to form compounds in which each atom has eight electrons in its highest occupied energy level is called the___________ 14. A covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons is called a(n) what? 15. The degree to which bonding between atoms of two different elements is ionic or covalent can be determined from the differences in the __________________________________ of the elements. 13. OCTET RULE 14. POLAR COVALENT BOND 15. ELECTRONEGATIVITIES

6. Use the diagram and the table below to classify the bond for each listed substance as ionic, non polar covalent, or polar covalent. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Percent ionic character 92% 50% 5% 0% Difference in 3.3 1.7 0.3 0.0 Electronega- Ionic Polar covalent Nonpolar Covalent tivity 16. CCl _____________________ 17. F 2 ____________________ 18. CaCl ____________________ 16. POLAR COVALENT 17. NONPOLAR COVALENT 18. IONIC

7. Use the diagram and the table below to classify the bond for each listed substance as ionic, non polar covalent, or polar covalent. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Percent ionic character 92% 50% 5% 0% Difference in 3.3 1.7 0.3 0.0 Electronega- Ionic Polar covalent Nonpolar Covalent tivity 19. CO ______________________ 20. NaF ____________________ 21. MgO _____________________ 19. POLAR COVALENT 20. IONIC 21. IONIC

8. Use VESPR theory to predict the molecular shape of the following molecules. MOLECULE TYPEMOLECULE SHAPE AB 2 LINEAR AB 3 TRIGONAL PLANAR AB 2 EBENT OR ANGULAR AB 4 TETRAHEDRAL AB 3 ETRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL AB 2 E 2 BENT OR ANGULAR AB 5 TRIGONAL BIPYRAMIDAL 22. Methane (CH 4 ) _____________________ 23. Ammonia (NH3) _____________________ 22. TETRAHEDRAL 23. TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL

9. Use VESPR theory to predict the molecular shape of the following molecules. MOLECULE TYPEMOLECULE SHAPE AB 2 LINEAR AB 3 TRIGONAL PLANAR AB 2 EBENT OR ANGULAR AB 4 TETRAHEDRAL AB 3 ETRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL AB 2 E 2 BENT OR ANGULAR AB 5 TRIGONAL BIPYRAMIDAL 24. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) _________________ 25. Water (H 2 O)_____________________ 24. LINEAR 25. BENT OR ANGULAR