1. FERROUS & NON FERROUS ALLOY

2. FERROUS ALLOY

3. INTRODUCTION What is a ‘ferrous metal’ or ‘ferrous alloy’?
It is simply a metal or alloy that contains Iron (the element ferrous) as the base (starting) metal.

4. PROPERTIES
Ferrous metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, making them valuable in electrical appliances and for carrying an electric current over a distance with little energy lost.
Metal alloys have high resistance to shear, torque and deformation.
The thermal conductivity of metal is useful for containers to heat materials over a flame.

5. Applications of Iron alloys
General engineering:
– Aircraft construction
– Electric conductors
– Building construction
use in high-rise building and bridge construction
most vehicles
many appliances
signs and railroad tracks

6. Crystalline Structure of Ferrous (Iron)

7. PRODUCTION OF FERROUS (IRON) METALS / ALLOYS

8. Basic-Oxygen Furnace
Fastest steelmaking process – can make 250 tons of steel / hour
Melted pig iron and scrap are poured (charged) into a vessel.
Fluxing agents are added, like limestone.
The molten metal is blasted with pure oxygen. This produces iron oxide which then reacts with carbon to produce CO and CO2. The slag floats to the top of the metal.
Higher steel quality than open hearth. Used to make plate, sheet, I-beam, tubing and channel.

10. Vacuum Furnace Uses induction furnaces.
Air is removed from the furnace, this removes the gaseous impurities from the molten metal.
Produces very high-quality steel.

11. Nonferrous metals and alloys
Common- aluminum, copper, and magnesium

12. PROPERTIES
High-strength high-temperature alloys include: tungsten, tantalum, and molybdenum.
Higher cost than ferrous metals but have good properties such as:
Corrosion resistance
High thermal and electrical conductivity
Low density and ease of fabric

13. Crystalline Structure of Non Ferrous

14. APPLICATION OF NON FERROUS

15. Brass
Aircraft sheets
engines
airframe structural parts rivets
tubes 

16. Aluminium bronze Used for diecasting
Die casting is a metal casting process that is characterized by forcing molten metal under high pressure into a mold cavity. The mold cavity is created using two hardened tool steel dies which have been machined into shape and work similarly to an injection mold during the process.
pump-rods