1. 16.2 Living Things Need Energy

2. List some foods you had for dinner last night. What is the organism that was the source for the food.

3. Producers Organisms that change the energy in sunlight into chemical energy or food (photosynthesis). Green plants, algae, bacteria

4. Consumers Organisms that eat other organisms to obtain energy and nutrients.

5. Why is sunlight important to producers? Sunlight is important to producers because most producers use sunlight to make chemical energy or food.

6. Consumers, Producers, and Decomposers..\..\video clips\16.2 LIving Things Need Energy\The_Cycling_of_Nutrients_in_the_Fore st_Ecosystem__Producers__Consumers__and _Decomposers.asf

7. Herbivore A consumer that eats only plants. Grasshopper, bison

8. Carnivore A consumer that eats other animals. Badger, owl

9. Omnivores Consumers that eat both plants and animals. Grasshopper mouse

10. Mammals..\..\video clips\16.2 LIving Things Need Energy\Overview_of_Mammals__Carnivores__ Herbivores_and_Omnivores_and_Their_Role_a s_Consumers_in_the_Food_Ch.asf

11. Scavengers Omnivores that eat animals and plants that have died. vulture

12. Decomposers Organisms that get energy and nutrients by breaking down dead organisms. Fungi

13. Food Chains A diagram that shows how energy and nutrients are transferred from one organism to another.

15. Food Chains Producers (plants) form the base.

16. Food Chain Primary consumers - Herbivores (prairie dogs) first consumers on the food chain

17. Food Chain Secondary consumers – (coyotes) eat primary consumers

18. Food Chain Tertiary consumer – Organisms that eat secondary consumers (turkey vulture) Energy Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer

19. Food Chain..\..\video clips\16.2 LIving Things Need Energy\Food_Chains__The_Flow_of_Energy _and_Matter_in_the_Living_World.asf

20. Food Webs A diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.

21. Food Chains and Webs

22. Energy Pyramids A diagram that shows an ecosystem’s loss of energy. 10% of the energy in each level of the energy pyramid is transferred to the next level. Less energy at the higher levels of the pyramid.

24. Energy Pyramid

25. Why are only a few animals at the top of an energy pyramid? There are only a few animals at the top of the energy pyramid because most of the energy is used up in the lower levels of the energy pyramid.

26. Wolves and the Energy Pyramid Gray wolves are consumers, predators. They were almost wiped out as the wilderness settled. Without the wolves there are more of a population of elks.

27. Wolves Then there is overgrazing which will leave little grass. This leads to a decline in elks which leads to a decline in predators due to lack of food.

28. Balance in Ecosystems Gray wolves were brought to Yellowstone Park in 1995. After breeding they were put back into the wild. There was a decline in elks which allowed for more grass to grow. All organisms are important for the health and balance of the food web.

29. Review Questions 1.Explain the importance of decomposers. Decomposers obtain energy as they break down dead organisms and produce materials that can be used by other organisms. Decomposers are nature’s recyclers.

30. 3.Explain how food chains and food webs are related. Food chains shows how energy is transferred from one organism to another. Food webs show many possible ways in which energy might be transferred between organisms.

31. 2.Explain how producers, consumers, and decomposers are linked in a food chain. Consumers feed on producers and other consumers. Decomposers feed on producers and other consumers after they are dead.