1. Prepared by: Reo Melanie M. Alvizo Khalelah Jacques L. Mercado

2.  Use of pointed sticks to in script signs and symbols on leaves and bark of trees.

3. Cuneiform Writing Mesopotamia  Writing emerged in many different cultures  Between 8000 and 3200 B.C - The Mesopotamians invented the writing system.  Clay "tokens“- used to count their goods.  Clay tablets - Used to record script.

4.  From 3100 B.C- a system of phonetic writing was developed. It gradually evolved into Cuneiform.

6. Hieroglyphics and Papyrus in Egypt  Egyptian characters are more directly pictorial.  The Egyptian characters are called hieroglyphs.  Hieros means “sacred” in Greek. Glypho means “engrave” also in Greek.

7.  Papyrus - became one of the business of scribes.  Fine reed pen – used to write on papyrus scroll.

8. Example of Hieroglyphics

9. Sound or Letter ExampleHieroglyph short A cat, bar long A make, air, way, hey B babybaby soft C nice, circus

10. hard C camel, sick, Christmas CH cheese, catch, picture D dog, add short E earn, pet long E be, bleach, Mary, radio

11. F fish, phone, tough soft G gorgeous, gym, judge hard G girl, ghost H how, who short I hid, bit

12. long I hide, bite, eye J jungle, judge K pick, kid, technology, clique L lead, bell M mummy

13. N Nile short O dog, all, shawl long O rose, sew, mow, boat OO food, blue OO book, push

14. P pet QU Q+U sounds like K+W, so combine the K and W hieroglyphics R rain soft S sit, nice, rats sharp S fission, measure

15. Z-like S rays, loser SH ship, sugar, mission, friction, machine T Egyptians had no sound for TH as pronounced in this and that. Closest match is the D sound. TH No sound for TH as pronounced in think and math. Closest match is the T sound. TH cut, about, ugly

16. short U cut, about, ugly long U rude, food, blue V viper W wind, what, cow X examine

17. Hard Y crayon, yes vowel Y use hieroglyph for long E in words like ready and Mary vowel Y use hieroglyph for short and long I in words like gym and byte Z zebra, dogs, fission, Xerox

18. Spartan and Athenian Education  They used education for military training & drill.

19.  The Spartan girls received more schooling. This is to prepare them for motherhood.  Sophist – group of wandering teachers in Athens.  Socrates- a Greek philosopher teaches universal principles.

20. - This principles were:  Truth  Beauty  Goodness Socratic Method- Socrates’ educational method. In 387 BC Plato- Studied under Socrates. He establish a school in Athens. This school is called the Academy.

21. Aristotle – Plato’s student founded a school in Athens. This school is called the Lyceum.  Only the sons of free citizens attended school.  Most women did not attend school.

22. Use of a Quill Pen  7 th century introduced the quill pen. New instrument that would dominate writing.  the Bible written  the Magna Carta with a  the Declaration of Independence quill pen  the Constitution

23.  around 600 A.D quill pens 1 st appears in Seville, Spain.  Scribes used it to write manuscripts.

24. Diamond Sutra was Printed  Diamond Sūtra (Sanskrit: Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra) - a short and well- known Mahāyāna sūtra. This is from the Prajñāpāramitā. The Prajñāpāramitā in english is “Perfect Wisdom”. This genre emphasizes the practice of:

25.  Non-abiding  Non-attachment A Chinese pocket-sized folding Diamond sutra.

26.  The Chinese Diamond Sutra.  The oldest known dated printed book.

27. Johannes Gutenberg completed the printing press  Gutenberg Press- made such materials available for the masses.  It remained the standard until 20 th century.  In 1440 - Johannes Gutenberg created his printing press.

28.  Gutenberg Bible - the world's first book using movable type. It has 42 lines per page.

30. Orbis Pictus (The World in Pictures)  Orbis Pictus, or Orbis Sensualium Pictus- this is a book for children. Written by Czech educator Johann Amos Comenius.  The first picture book intended for children.

32. Contents:  The book is divided into chapters. Every chapter was illustrated by woodcuts.  The book has 150 chapters. Covers a wide range of subjects: -inanimate nature -botanic -zoology -religion -humans and their activities

33. Plaque commemorating the publication of Orbis Pictus.

34. Pencil was invented  Pencil- is a writing implement or art medium. Form the Latin word pencillus. It means “little tail”  Stylus- The archetypal pencil. Has a thin metal stick. This stick is often made by lead.

35. - It is used in scratching in papyrus.  They were used by ancient Egyptians. And also by Romans.

36. Kinds of Pencils

37. Old Soviet coloured pencils with box (circa 1959)

38. Drawing of pencil with an attached eraser from its patent application

39. HB graphite pencils. One is labelled #2 and the other #2½

40. A typical yellow no. 2 pencil

41. Colored pencils

42. Two "woodless" graphite pencils. Two charcoal pencils. Two grease pencils.

43. Pencil lead for mechanical pencils

44. Flexible pencils

45. Use of blackboards in academic military schools  18 th and 19 th Century - "slate boards" were commonly used in schools.  By the 1850's – schoolhouses included blackboards with their staples.  As decades goes by chalkboards were replaced. It was replaced by a whiteboards.

46. Pestalozzi Method was developed  Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (12 January 1746 – 17 February 1827) - Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer. He exemplified Romanticism in his approach.  His method in teaching: Easier Difficult

47. Observation Consciousness Speech

48.  In 1799- he established a school at Bergdorf. He remained there until 1804.  He didn’t believe in corporal punishment. He once stated: "The role of the educator is to teach children, not subjects."

49. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

50. Pestalozzi with the orphans in Stans

51. Coat of arms of Pestalozzi's family

52. First permanent image using Camera Obscura  Joseph Niépce - He created the first permanent photograph.

53. The exterior of Niepce’s home (1826). He took this picture using the obscura.

54. Froebel coined the word “kindergarten”  Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel (or Froebel)- a German pedagogue & student of Pestalozzi.  He laid the foundation of modern education.  He developed the concept of the “kindergarten”.

55.  He began as an educator in 1805. He 1 st taught at the Musterschule.  In 1811- He went back in Berlin. He taught in Plamannsche Schule.  In 1820- he published the 1 st Keilhau pamphlets.  An unser deutsches Volk (“To Our German People”)- the title of his Keilhau.

56.  In 1837- He founded the Play & Activity Institute.  In 1840- he coined the word kindergarten.  Froebel Gifts or Fröbelgaben - Froebel’s educational play materials. It included: - geometric building blocks and pattern activity blocks.

57. Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel

58. Allgemeine Deutsche Erziehungsanstalt in Keilhau. Nowadays the Keilhau Free Fröbel School

59. The Fröbel Memorial at the Fröbel Kindergarten in Mühlhausen

60. First proper fountain pen was invented. Fountain pen a pen that is supplied with ink from a reservoir in its barrel

61. Maria Montessori’s Casa dei Bambini was established. Maria Montessori was a devoted scientist and insatiable learner.

62. Use of educational films. Sidney Pressey’s teaching machines. Teaching Machines mechanical device used for presenting a program of IM.

63. Airing of first instructional TV 16mm sound motion picture was developed Instructional television (ITV ) is the use of television programs in the field of distance education.

64. Movies, filmstrips, radio, and other pictorial devices were used in military trainings. Invention of Memex by Vannevar Bush. Modern version of ball point pen was invented. The memex a portmanteau of "memory" and "index"

65. Skinner’s Programmed Instruction Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives Programmed learning The purpose of programmed learning is to "manage human learning under controlled conditions" Bloom's Taxonomy It refers to a classification of the different objectives that educators set for students (learning objectives).

66. Use of whiteboard Use of computers in schools Systems approach to designing instruction was introduced Instructional films became more creative and more accessible Large scale television availability Instructional Design (Instructional Systems Design (ISD)) is the practice of maximizing the effectiveness, efficiency and appeal of instruction and other learning experiences.

67. Proliferation of instructional design models Development of needs assessment procedures Instructional Design is defined “as a systematic process that is employed to develop education and training programs in a consistent and reliable fashion” (Reiser & Dempsey, 2007). Instructional Design models or theories may be thought of as frameworks for developing modules or lessons

68. Digitized communication and networking in education started CBI / CBT flourished

69. Hypertext and hypermedia influence the field Learning management systems (LMS) were used A learning management system (commonly abbreviated as LMS) should be able to do the following: centralize and automate administration use self-service and self-guided services assemble and deliver learning content rapidly consolidate training initiatives on a scalable web-based platform support portability and standards personalize content and enable knowledge reuse. Some LMSs are Web-based to facilitate access to learning content and administration

70. Internet technologies are more integrated in the academe Web 2.0 tools Web conferencing refers to a service that allows conferencing events to be shared with remote locations.

72.  sites.google.com  en.wikipedia.org  www.livinginternet.com  skeptically.org  nwlink.com  edutechwiki.unige.ch Alvizo and Mercado Creations ™ |All rights reserved © THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!