1. America’s Emerging Musical Voice 1860-1920

2. Popularity of spirituals and gospel hymns among Protestants Popularity of spirituals and gospel hymns among Protestants Shape-note hymnals for easy music reading Shape-note hymnals for easy music reading Stephen Foster; 19th-century minstrel and parlor songs Stephen Foster; 19th-century minstrel and parlor songs Oh, Susannah!, Camptown Races, Old Folks at Home Oh, Susannah!, Camptown Races, Old Folks at Home My Old Kentucky Home, Beautiful Dreamer My Old Kentucky Home, Beautiful Dreamer

3. Military bands were the first marching bands. Military bands were the first marching bands. U.S. Marine Band (President's Own) U.S. Marine Band (President's Own) Brass instruments refined as bands developed Brass instruments refined as bands developed Adolphe Sax invented many instruments, including saxophone Adolphe Sax invented many instruments, including saxophone Turn of century with European immigrants passing through Ellis Island (the immigration processing center during that time) brought instrument makers to the Northeastern U.S. Turn of century with European immigrants passing through Ellis Island (the immigration processing center during that time) brought instrument makers to the Northeastern U.S.

4. John Philip Sousa, American bandmaster and "march king" John Philip Sousa, American bandmaster and "march king" Semper Fidelis, The Washington Post, Stars and Stripes Forever Semper Fidelis, The Washington Post, Stars and Stripes Forever Developed in 1890 by C.G. Conn, after requests by Sousa. Named the “Sousaphone” Developed in 1890 by C.G. Conn, after requests by Sousa. Named the “Sousaphone”

5. The Rise of Classical Composition in America Musicians in the United States sought to voice independence from the dominant European tradition Musicians in the United States sought to voice independence from the dominant European tradition Americans such as German-born conductor Theodore Thomas devoted their energy to bringing classical music to Americans Americans such as German-born conductor Theodore Thomas devoted their energy to bringing classical music to Americans New York, Boston, Chicago and Philadelphia supported orchestras New York, Boston, Chicago and Philadelphia supported orchestras Music promoted in Boston public schools Music promoted in Boston public schools

6. Amy Cheney Beach (1867–1944): Her Life and Music Amy Cheney Beach was recognized as the leading American woman composer Amy Cheney Beach was recognized as the leading American woman composer American composer, educator American composer, educator Child prodigy Child prodigy Married Henry Harris Aubrey Beach in 1885 Married Henry Harris Aubrey Beach in 1885 Husband requested she limit her performances Husband requested she limit her performances Because of that, she focused on composition Because of that, she focused on composition

7. Amy Cheney Beach (1867–1944): Her Life and Music Wrote large-scale and small-scale works Wrote large-scale and small-scale works After husband's death in 1910, embarked on performance tours After husband's death in 1910, embarked on performance tours Early compositions show influence of Brahms and Wagner Early compositions show influence of Brahms and Wagner Later works reflect French Impressionism Later works reflect French Impressionism Looked to folk music (Irish, Scottish, English) for inspiration Looked to folk music (Irish, Scottish, English) for inspiration Gaelic Symphony; Piano Concerto, 1 opera Gaelic Symphony; Piano Concerto, 1 opera

8. Beach-Violin Sonata in Aminor Premiered in Boston with Franz Kneisel as soloist and Beach on the piano Premiered in Boston with Franz Kneisel as soloist and Beach on the piano Impressive in scale Impressive in scale I: Allegro moderato in sonata-allegro form I: Allegro moderato in sonata-allegro form Extensive use of variation Extensive use of variation II: Scherzo and trio set in duple rather than triple meter II: Scherzo and trio set in duple rather than triple meter Slower Trio marked Più lento Slower Trio marked Più lento III: Brooding Largo con dolore (very slow, with sorrow) III: Brooding Largo con dolore (very slow, with sorrow)