1. A Basic Guide OBSERVATION & INFERENCE

2.  Inference comes from the verb “to infer” which means to conclude by using logic  Therefore, inference (n.) is the process of drawing conclusions based on logic  Both definitions include forms of the words “ conclude ” and “ logic ” INFERENCES

3. To conclude is to form an opinion or reach a decision about something Logic is sensible, rational thought or argument based on facts more than emotions They are helpful. SOME DEFINITIONS

4.  To infer is to form an opinion based on facts.  Where do you get these facts? Clues from what is read or seen ( observation ) + Prior knowledge (schema) = Inference ( logical conclusion ) THEREFORE…

5. Your turn! PRACTICE MAKING OBSERVATIONS AND ADDING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

6.  1. Give 3-5 observations ( facts ) about what you see  2. Give 3-5 statements regarding your prior knowledge.  3. Then make at least 3 inferences based on stages 1 and 2.  4. Then make a prediction about what might happen next. FOR EACH PICTURE

7. 1. List facts—just the facts! (e.g. what is on the desk?) 2. Add prior knowledge (e.g. what kind of people typically use blackboards?) 3. THEN what can you infer about this photo? 4. Make a prediction about what will happen next REMEMBER

8. IMAGE 2

9. http://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=F2bk_9T482g NOW LET’S TRY WITH A VIDEO