2. From the Beginning Who is George Washington? 1 st President- What does that mean? Early problems!

3. Dealing with the Debt! First cabinet Early political parties – Anti-Federalists became the Democratic- Republicans – Federalists Alexander Hamilton

4. Hamilton’s Plan

5. The Rest of the Plan National Bank – Purpose Whiskey Excise – What is an excise? – Purpose Protective Tariff – What is a tariff? – Pupose

6. Reactions by Democratic Republicans NOT HAPPY!!!!! Debt Bank Excise Tax – Whiskey Rebellion Tariff

7. Other Things Washington Did Precedents The Good: – Pinckney’s Treaty – Judiciary Act of 1789 The Divisive: – Proclamation of Neutrality – Jay’s Treaty

8. The Next Election Two main candidates: – John Adams – Thomas Jefferson The winner The problems he faced….

9. Adams’ biggest problem

10. XYZ Affair

11. The Reaction at Home… Federalist: Their trade was really hurt Many wanted war Already Pro-British Democratic-Republicans Felt we “had it coming” Pointed to Jay’s Treaty and the Proclamation of Neutrality Did NOT want war

12. John Adams Responses Really feared Civil War Wanted to stop the internal arguing Allows the Alien and Sedition Laws to pass

14. Democratic Republican Response

15. The Election of 1800 Nicknamed the “Revolution of 1800” Three main contenders: – Adams – Jefferson – Burr Jefferson wins after an initial tie First time power shifted from one party to another in the executive branch- proves the Constitution works!

16. What would Jefferson do? What people thought: Less power for the national government Less money spent on the military Pro-French Less taxation Strict Interpretation of the Constitution What actually happened: Marbury vs. Madison (Jefferson used a lot of power!) Louisiana Purchase (Jefferson used loose interpretation) Embargo Act (wasn’t willing to risk war and ruined the American economy)

17. Marbury vs. Madison

18. Louisiana Purchase

19. Lewis and Clark

20. Effects of the Louisiana Purchase America more than doubles in size AMAZING farmland! America begins to move west! Manifest Destiny begins!

21. Chesapeake Incident

22. Embargo Act

23. Effects of the Embargo Act Average American income falls by 50% Ruins Jefferson’s image as president- takes years to come back! Forces America to develop their own industries- so in the long run, it really helps us!

24. James Madison Madison Inaugurated in 1809 Virginia Dynasty – 4 out 5 first US presidents are from Virginia – Virginia is seen as a very influential and powerful state Strongly Jeffersonian – One of the leaders of the Democratic-Republican Party

25. War Hawks Who were they? – Congressmen from the South and the West – Led by Henry Clay (KY) & John C. Calhoun (SC) Strongly Nationalistic What was their agenda? – They wanted to push the US towards a war with Great Britain – They believed it was essential in order for the US to establish itself as a sovereign nation

26. War Hawks Henry Clay John C. Calhoun

28. Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) Originally intended to be a peaceful meeting to discuss land issues Western War Hawks vs. Indian resistance – Tecumseh – led the Native Americans – William Henry Harrison – governor of the Indiana territory – led US forces What was the significance? – After this battle, the US discovers that Great Britain is arming Native Americans to fight against us

29. War Declared June 1812 – President Madison asks Congress for a declaration of war Why did the US fight Britain only? – They were the country most involved in the impressment of our sailors New England’s importance – Federalist Party had the most support in New England, the were very against going to war – they depended on trade with Great Britain

30. War of 1812 Overview Poorly fought – US navy was very small, troops were poorly trained Disunity – There was a division between groups who favored war & those who were against it Strategy – Canada- wanted to capture Canada and take out the British stronghold there – Great Lakes/Naval Dominance Key US Victories – Lake Erie (September 1813): Oliver Perry leads the US to a naval victory – Thames (October 1813): Tecumseh is killed, the coalition he built falls apart – New Orleans (1814): most important battle of the war Andrew Jackson

31. War continued… 1814, Napoleon’s power decreases…British concentrate more supplies and troops on war with US Washington D.C. burned in 1814 – British retaliate against US burning Canadian capital at York Battle of Fort McHenry – Francis Scott Key inspired to write the Star- Spangled Banner

32. Battle of New Orleans

33. Foolish frontal attack by British…many casualties Andrew Jackson commands US army Needless battle due to the Treaty of Ghent (peace treaty) Why was this significant? – HUGE victory for the US – Increase nationalism throughout the US – Andrew Jackson becomes a national hero

34. Treaty of Ghent 1814, 2 weeks prior to Battle of New Orleans Armistice (end to fighting) What was agreed? – Captured lands & ships returned to each side – Did not end impressment – Restored to “antebellum” status (things go back to the way they were before the war)

35. Hartford Convention Dec. 1814 -- Jan. 1815 Purpose? – Federalists meet to express their displeasure with the War of 1812 & Madison’s policies – They threaten to secede from the US What happened to the Federalist party? – Federalist Party loses their public support because majority of Americans feeling optimistic and not negative