1. © ABB HV Products - Page 1 A REVOLUTION IN CIRCUIT BREAKER OPERATING MECHANISM TECHNOLOGY CARILEC 2002 22 - 26 July 2002 Jamaica Kenneth Jabrand

2. Why do we have Circuit Breakers? To switch transmission lines, transformers, cables, busbars etc. Frequent switching of capacitor banks and reactor banks To open an electrical circuit To close/reclose an open circuit And of course the most important to clear a fault to protect equipment and human life! Function

3. Circuit Breaker Development …the sixties Air Blast …the seventies & the eighties …the eighties & the nineties SF 6 Gas Oil Minimum Technology

4. Interrupter Technology Trends Focus on reduction of operating energy required ’80’s ’85 Arc Assisted (Single Motion) ’98 Arc Assisted (Triple Motion) Puffer Operating Energy Interrupter Complexity Goal achieved with single motion interrupters Trend toward multi-motion, arc assisted interrupters by some manufacturers Trade off of energy reduction for HIGHLY complex interrupter ’94 Arc Assisted (Double Motion) Technology

5. Operating Mechanism Technology Trends ’10’s on ’50’s on Hydraulic ’20’s on Pneumatic ’90’s Spring Reliability Mechanism Complexity Spring operating mechanisms employed since the 1930’s Current manufacturer trend towards spring operating mechanisms Some manufacturers traditionally focused on pneumatic or hydraulic operating mechanisms Technology

6. Trend for 2000 and Beyond Continue use of simple, robust single motion interrupters Continued improvement of operating mechanisms Origin of majority of circuit breaker faults Simpler, more reliable without transferring unnecessary complexity to interrupter New solutions

7. Introduction of the MOTOR DRIVE! SIMPLICITY ONE moving part INNOVATION Full electronic control Inherent monitoring Future proof PERFORMANCE 10,000 + operations Optimal travel curve EXPERIENCE Tap changers & MV A revolution in circuit breaker technology! New solutions

8. © ABB HV Products - Page 8 A REVOLUTION IN CIRCUIT BREAKER OPERATING MECHANISM TECHNOLOGY CARILEC 2002 Project History and Development Kenneth Jabrand

9. Motor Drive: Concept to product Idea to drive circuit breaker with Motor in early 1990’s Major hurdle existed for HV application By 1994, electronics & electromagnets see significant gains in technology Possible to use on MV New solutions

10. Motor Drive: Concept to product By 1996, further gains in electronics & electromagnet technology HV applications now a realistic possibility Decision to pursue concept 1998 sees first prototype verification tests Proves concept is feasible Product development begins New solutions

11. Today’s Circuit Breaker Drives Energy transmission & release Mechanical latch, linkage & damper Reliable energy storage Charged springs (constant, pre-set) Energy charging Motor charged close spring Control & signaling Discrete electromechanical limit & auxiliary switches Safe operational control Electro-mechanical interlocks Discrete hard-wired control Energy Charging Energy Storage Energy Release Energy Transmission Control & Signaling Hard-wired Mechanically modular Technology

12. Benefits of Today’s Drive Technology Energy stored in springs Constant energy Consistent operating times No maintenance Few moving parts Simplicity  Reliability Modular core design Adaptable to broad range Common spare parts Common operating principle Robust, 10000 operation life Benefits

13. Limitations of Today’s Drive Technology Motor charged close springs High short term battery loads Trip springs Fixed energy Electro-mechanical latches Precision mechanisms Mechanical energy transmission High impacts & dampers Hard-wired, discrete controls Limited flexibility & intelligence Limited, pre-set functionality Designed for general application Obstacles

14. Tomorrow’s Circuit Breaker Drives Energy transmission & release Single moving part for transmission Controlled, electronic release Adaptable to switching application Energy charging & storage Electrical  low-power maintenance Control & signaling Monitoring inherent to control system Additional features for the future Safe operational control “Soft-wired”  Flexible Inherent, on-line “Watchdogs” Soft-wired Electronically modular Energy Charging Energy Storage Energy Release Energy Transmission Control & Signaling Technology

15. Why Motor Drive in 2001? Technology now makes it possible at an acceptable cost Increased functionality compared to conventional drives Same benefits None of the limitations Meets increasing Customer demands Higher reliability Low power demand Flexibility Monitoring Requirements

16. © ABB HV Products - Page 16 A REVOLUTION IN CIRCUIT BREAKER OPERATING MECHANISM TECHNOLOGY CARILEC 2002 A technological revolution for circuit breakers Kenneth Jabrand

17. What is Motor Drive? A digitally controlled motor directly moving the circuit-breaker contacts Advantages: Only ONE (1) moving part Programmed optimum contact travel Robust, modular system Continuous, active on-line monitoring Very quiet Low, stable power requirements Energy Buffer Energy Charging Energy Release Energy Transmission Control & Signaling System Overview System Demonstration Function

18. Motor Drive System Overview LOW POWER FLOW HIGH POWER FLOW CONTROL SIGNALS MEASURMENT SIGNALS Motor Resolver 00099 CLOSED OPEN Programmed Breaker Contact Travel Back to Start msec mm AC IO Converter Unit I/O Unit Control Unit Capacitor Unit DC Charging Unit New solution

19. Motor Drive System Demonstration OPEN Breaker Contact Travel 00100 Back to Start <<TRIP msec mm 00099 IO AC DC CLOSED Motor Resolver Converter Unit I/O Unit Control Unit Capacitor Unit Charging Unit Function

20. Motor Unit Energy Transmission High torque, servo-motor Only moving part in the Motor Drive Integrated, precision position “resolver” Low mechanical stress Low noise level System OverviewPrevious Slide Technology

21. Converter Unit Energy Release Transmits energy from Capacitor Unit to Motor Unit Capacitor UnitMotor Unit Simple, electronic energy transmission Uses proven industrial power electronics Controlled via Control UnitControl Unit System OverviewPrevious Slide Technology

22. Control Unit Energy Release Stores & executes contact travel program Interfaces via I/O UnitI/O Unit Controls Motor via ConverterMotorConverter Checks Motor position via Resolver continuously Resolver Feedback control algorithm Contact travel program stored in robust EEPROM Inherent monitoringmonitoring System OverviewPrevious Slide Technology

23. Capacitor Unit Energy Buffer Energy “buffered” in capacitor bank Capacity without recharging O - 0.3 s - CO CO - 15 s - CO Directly monitored Modular installation package System OverviewPrevious Slide Technology

24. Charging Unit Energy Charging Supplies Capacitor, Control and I/O UnitsCapacitorControlI/O Redundant AC & DC supply inputs Automatic switching to back-up supply Alarm on supply failure Stable, continuous power consumption < 60 W No high transient loads! System OverviewPrevious Slide Technology

25. Input / Output Unit Control & Signaling All signals to/from one interface Programmable permissive logic Standard DC voltage interface supported “Plug & Play” module System OverviewPrevious Slide Technology

26. Monitoring Motor Drive designed with integral active monitoring NO extra hardware needed ALL signals from one interface Remote on-line “inspection” Highest reliability for circuit- breaker and drive Knowledge is security! Control & Signaling System OverviewPrevious Slide Function

27. Trial Installation 1: ENEL, Italy PASS M0 with Motor Drive for 3-pole operation Installed in ENEL’s Certaldo Substation near Tuscany Installed 20 July, 2000 Application: 145 kV line feeding transformer Satisfactory performance to date System OverviewPrevious Slide References

28. Trial Installation 2: BirkaNät, Sweden LTB 145D1/B with Motor Drive for 3-pole operation Installed in BirkaNät Dalarna AB’s Blyberg Substation near Älvdalen Installed 15 Nov., 2000 Application: 132 kV line / transformer protection Satisfactory performance to date System OverviewPrevious Slide References

29. Increased Functionality with Motor Drive APPLICATION SCOPE System OverviewPrevious Slide FLEXIBLE platform for new functionality CONTROLLED SWITCHING NEW application potential INTEGRATED control platform MONITORING PLATFORM UPGRADE SCOPE SUBSTATION AUTOMATION Inherent PROACTIVE monitoring Platform for EXPANDED data collection NO ”add-on sensors” needed FUNCTIONALLY MODULAR design “Plug & Play” BUILT with Automation Technology Performance

30. Increased Performance with Motor Drive RELIABILITY System OverviewPrevious Slide MAINTENANCE CONSISTENCY AUXILIARY PLANT NEEDS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ONE (1) moving part LOW reaction forces NO lubrication NO wearing mechanical components INTEGRATED, ACTIVE system monitoring Digitally DRIVEN contact travel Less than 100 W STABLE energy draw Very LOW operation noise NO oil LOW auxiliary power consumption Performance

31. Solution for ALL HVCB Applications Motor Drive will be implemented in ALL ABB high voltage circuit-breaker applications Live Tank Circuit-Breakers Dead Tank Circuit-Breakers GIS PASS Compact & COMPASS Combined Generator Circuit-Breakers Motor Drive