1. Marvin Rosario

2. Category based on physical characteristics, such as skin color, hair texture, and body structure. 3 racial groups: Caucasoids, Mongoloids, and Negroids. Race- A category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and whom others see as being a distinct group.

3. The set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another Ethnic Group- People who share a common sense of identity It’s hard for all ethnic groups in the United States to be able to keep their heritage alive today

4. A group of people that are singled out and unequally treated Characteristics that distinguish minority groups from other groups in society: The group possesses identifiable physical or cultural characteristics that differ from those of the dominant group Group members are the victims of unequal treatment at the hands of the dominant group To be categorized as a minority group you must exhibit these characteristics above and others

5. It can be found either on an individual level or on a societal level Discriminatory acts can rage from name-calling and rudeness to acts of violence Extreme cases of these acts can lead to physical harm and even death Legal discrimination is upheld by law Institutionalized discrimination is an outgrowth of the structure of a society

6. Negative prejudice acts involve stereotypes Stereotype- An oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people Self-fulfilling Prophecy- False definition of a situation Racism- The belief that one’s own race or ethnic group is naturally superior

7. Most sociological explanations of discrimination and prejudices focus on the social environment Such norms describe the ways in which members of the society of certain out-groups People become prejudiced simply by internalizing these norms

8. Individual provides the behavior for psychological explanations of prejudice and discrimination Scapegoating- the practice of placing the blame for one’s troubles on an innocent individual or group Suggest that prejudice may be the product of frustration and anger

9. Prejudice and discrimination arise out of competition for scarce resources Conflict theorists suggest that the dominant group, to protect its position, encourages competition for resources among minority groups.

10. A response to ethnic and racial diversity This policy allows each group within society to keeps its unique cultural identity Switzerland is a good example 3 languages- French, German, Italian- one language for each major ethnic group

11. The blending of cultural distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity In most societies, some assimilation occurs voluntarily As time goes on the various groups within society exchange many cultural traits as a natural outcome of daily interaction

12. Legal steps to ensure that the rights of minority groups are protected Some examples are -The Civil Rights Act of 1964 -Voting Rights Acts of 1965 These examples are of legislation in the U.S.

13. Policies that physically separate a minority group from the dominant group Under segregation the minority group is forbidden to live in the same areas as the dominant group and cannot use the same public facilities De Jure Segregation is based on laws De Facto Segregation is based on informal norms

14. Some countries encourage it It is known as maintaining of control over a group using force Slavery is a prime example of subjugation that was used in America and in some countries today, is still used South Africa is a country that is known for the use of slavery through their system of apartheid

15. When the dominant group in society separates themselves from the minority group through the action of transportation to a new territory Direct population can also involve expelling the group from the country An example would be the Trail of Tears

16. The goal is to wipe-out a targeted population When the goal is the intentional destruction of the entire targeted population it’s known as genocide Anti-Semitism, hatred of Jews, was present during the 1940’s. The event known as the holocaust was using the act of Anti- Semitism

17. Putting up than 12 percent of the population One of the largest minority groups in the country Other than American Indians and women, African Americans have suffered a long history of prejudice and discrimination The Civil Rights movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s brought important gains to African Americans

18. In 2000, America was home to more than 35 million Hispanics. Since 1990 this number showed a 58 percent increase in the size of Hispanics population Many immigrants who began arriving in the U.S. during the 1960’s entered legally Others arrived illegally searching for political freedom

19. Come from a variety of national backgrounds The sixth largest group of Asian Americans are of Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Korean, Vietnamese and Japanese ancestry During the past 100 years immigrants from almost every Asian country have came to America Third most largest ethnic group acquiring close to 4 percent of the total US population.

20. About 50 percent of the American Indian workforce on or near the reservations are unemployed Some 31 percent of all American Indians live below the poverty level American Indian problems, in large part, are the result of a history of changing, governmental policies