1. Safety in the Context of OSHA and DOE Expectations Betsy Dunn Manager, Worker Safety and Health April 23, 2015

2. Evolving Regulation Three Mile Island: March 28, 1979  Changes in safety policy, law and procedures within DOE closely paralleled changes in nuclear safety and radiological control.  After incident, NRC ramped up rigor. Aspects of Admiral Rickover’s nuclear propulsion program were adopted. “Rigor in Operations” and “verbatim compliance” became evident.  DOE, up to this point, remained unscathed. Defense nuclear activities remained, for the moment, somewhat protected due to the classified nature of activities. 2

3. Evolving Regulation Chernobyl: April 26, 1986  Shook the world  29 deaths (firefighters)  Thousands exposed to elevated radiation levels  There was a public need for information and assurance that such events wouldn’t happen “here”  And DOE did not escape review… 3

4. Tiger Teams arrived at DOE sites  1989-1993  Admiral James D. Watkins – Secretary of Energy (Rickover protége)  Teams reviewed “rigor” of safety and operations across DOE  They found “expert based” systems were in place, rather than “process based” systems 4

5. Tiger Team Recommendations  They called for immediate improvements due to the lack of rigor they observed –Formality of operations –Assessment driven –Leadership involvement in all phases –Quality assurance programs –Corrective action programs  The result…several regulations issued by DOE –10CFR830 – Nuclear Safety –10CFR835 – Radiation Protection –10CFR708 – Whistle Blower –10CFR851 – Worker Safety & Health –10CFR824 – Security –DEAR Clause (ISM) 5

6. Impact on National Labs  Public awareness and scrutiny  Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Review Board  Freedom of Information Act  DOE no longer “behind the curtain” 6

7. Impact on National Labs  1994: PNNL receives a letter from DOE – Improve Ops.!  1997-1998: Brookhaven loses contract  1999-2000: Los Alamos Security and Safety events stop many operations  2000: Incumbent contractor at Oak Ridge loses to Battelle  2003: SLAC electrical shock accident – shuts down LINAC for months  2007: Nuclear Facility Footprint Reduction at Argonne following Bldg. 205 review  2013: Bldg. 205 work paused for ~8 months 7

8. Integrated Safety Management (ISM)  In mid 1990’s the ISM concept was accepted by DOE  Labs implemented ISM in late 1990’s and early 2000’s (DEAR Clause in M&O Contracts)  ISM has its roots in quality management – Plan, Do, Check, Act  Process over Expert Based System  Safety performance improved fairly uniformly across DOE from 2000-2007 8  Focus –Define and understand a scope of work –Identify hazards –Determine controls –Perform work within controls –Feedback and Improvement

9. But at the end of the day – its personal “Concern for man himself and his fate must always form the chief interest of all technical endeavors.” Albert Einstein We want everyone at our Lab to go home in the same condition (or better) then when they arrived at work this morning. You often hear “Safety First” But I prefer “Safety Always” – safety that is integrated in everything we do. We need compliant processes structured in a way that provides the flexibility you need to conduct your research safely. “Safety is something that happens between your ears, not something you hold in your hands.” Jeff Cooper 9

10. Why its personal to me  Kennedy Expressway –Dyclenn Crenshaw  Chicago Deep Tunnel –Jason Briggs  San Roque Multipurpose Project –Jose Laoagan –David Gomatay –Johnny Peralta –Abraham Ruiz –Robert Galutan –Bernado Rol 10