1. Inside the Eukaryotic Cell

2. Only eukaryotic cells have
DNA
Membrane-bound organelles
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm

3. Eukaryotic Cells
Each organelle allows the cell to perform highly sophisticated and specialized functions

4. Cytoskeleton Protein fibers found in eukaryotic cells
Supports the cell like the bones support a body
The cytoskeleton helps the cell move, keep its shape, and organize its parts.

5. Types of cytoskeleton fibers
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate fibers
All of these are classified as protein fibers

6. Microfilaments
Contract and pull the cell to help it move and change shape

7. Microtubules
Hollow tubes that information molecules move through

8. Intermediate Fibers
Anchor organelles and enzymes to certain parts of the cell

9. Eukaryotic DNA is packaged in the nucleus
DNA along with some proteins must be kept separate from the cytoplasm

10. Nucleus Surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope
Nuclear envelope has pores which allow substances to pass in and out

11. Nucleus Nucleolus is the region where ribosome parts are made
Parts leave through the pores into the cytoplasm

12. Ribosomes Can be “free” or “bound” Both make proteins
Free float in the cytoplasm
Bound are attached to organelles
Both make proteins

13. Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate fibers are three kinds of cytoskeleton
Protein fibers
Membranes
Organelles
DNA

14. What kind of cytoskeleton fibers could help a cell change shape to fit into a space?
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate fibers
Tubulin Fibers

15. Which of the following is true of both DNA and some proteins?
Made in the nucleus
Made in ribosomes
Must be kept separate from cytoplasm
Must be kept separate from nucleus

16. The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the
Nucleolus
Nuclear wall
Ribosome
Nuclear Envelope

17. In a cell, proteins are made on the
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell membrane

18. Protein Processing Proteins have many purposes
The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus are organelles that prepare proteins for extracellular export

19. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Move proteins and other substances through cell
Rough – Ribosomes are attached which make it appear “rough”.
Part of ER that makes proteins
Smooth - no attached ribosomes
make lipids and break down toxic substances

20. Golgi Apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for distribution

21. Central Vacuole Found in many plant cells
Stores water, ions, nutrients, and waste products

22. Energy Production
The energy for cellular functions is produced by chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria and chloroplasts

23. Mitochondria Uses energy from organic compounds to make ATP
Cells that require more energy may have more mitochondria

24. Where are bound ribosomes located?
Suspended in the cytosol
Inside the nucleus
Attached to membranes of another organelle
Outside the cell membrane

25. The organelle that moves proteins and other substances through the cell is the
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Cytoplasm

26. The organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins is the
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus

27. Some plant cells have a large membrane-bound compartment in which water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored. This compartment is called the
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Golgi Apparatus
Central Vacuole

28. A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain a large number of
Chromosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Lysosomes

29. The organelles associated with plant photosynthesis are the
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Golgi apparatus
Vacuoles

30. What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?
Absorption of light energy
Presence in all cells
Production of ATP
Digestion of cell wastes