1. Warm UP: SOL Practice # 5 Cell Structure Use good testing strategies!! (skip it, highlight key words, eliminate answer choices) Work on vocabulary terms when you have completed all SOL Practice questions

2. Kingdoms and Domains Living organisms are grouped together based on similar characteristics. In the Past: 1700’s: Two kingdoms—Plantae and Animalia 1900’s: 3 kingdoms—Plantae, Animalia and Protista 1950’s: 5 kingdoms—Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi, Monera

3. Kingdoms and Domains Today: Organisms are first divided into domains. 3 Domains are: 1. Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukarya

4. Organisms are then divided into kingdoms 6 Kingdoms are: 1. Eubacteria 2. Archaebacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia

5. Domain Bacteria: Kingdom: Eubacteria Characteristics of Eubacteria: -- They are prokaryotes (the have NO nucleus) -- They are unicellular (a single cell, very tiny) -- They have cells walls made of peptidoglycan -- They are commonly known as bacteria -- They can be autotrophs (make own food) or heterotrophs (eat things) Examples include: Escherichai coli, Streptococcus, anthrax

6. Domain Archaea: Kingdom: Archaebacteria Characteristics of Archaebacteria: -- They are prokaryotes -- They are unicellular -- They have cell walls with NO peptidoglycan -- They can be autotrophs or heterotrophs -- They are commonly known as Arachaea -- Archaea are extreme bacteria. -- Halophiles (love salt) -- Methanogens (eat methane gas)

7. Domain Eukarya: Kingdoms: Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

8. Kingdom Protista: -- They are eukaryotes (HAVE a nucleus) -- They can be unicellular OR multicellular (most are unicellular) -- They can live together in colonies -- Some are more like plants and have cellulose in their cell walls and chloroplasts -- Some are more like animals and have no cell walls -- They can be autotrophic, heterotrophic or both at the same time Examples: Paramecium, slime mold, Euglena

10. Kingdom Fungi: -- They are eukaryotes -- They are mainly multicellular, some are unicellular -- They have cell walls made of chitin -- They are heterotrophs Examples include: mushrooms, yeast (a unicellular one!!), athlete’s foot

11. Kingdom Plantae: -- They are eukaryotes -- They are multicellular -- They have cell walls made of cellulose and contain chloroplasts -- They are autotrophs Examples include: moss, fern, flowering plants

12. Kingdom Animalia: -- They are eukaryotes -- They are multicellular -- They have no cell walls, no chloroplasts -- They are heterotrophs Examples include: humans, sponges, worms, insects, birds, fish, mammals.....