3. Male brain vs. female brain Dr.Kalthum Asaaf Assist.prof.

7. The Limbic System Hypothalamus, pituitary, amygdala, and hippocampus all deal with basic drives, emotions, and memory Hippocampus  Memory processing Amygdala  Aggression (fight) and fear (flight) Hypothalamus  Hunger, thirst, body temperature, pleasure; regulates pituitary gland (hormones)

8. Parts of the cerebrum

9. © Copyright 2004 Cardinal Health, Inc. or one of its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Thought Voluntary movement Speech motor Covers 1/3 rd of area of the brain Frontal and Temporal Lobes Memory Auditory function FrontalTemporal

10. © Copyright 2004 Cardinal Health, Inc. or one of its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Sensation Touch Pressure Pain Temperature Position/spatial orientation Parietal and Occipital Lobes Vision Visual processes Reading ParietalOccipital

11. © Copyright 2004 Cardinal Health, Inc. or one of its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Large Muscle Coordination Balance  Walking, Writing Medulla Oblongata, Cerebellum, and Pons Relay between the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum Respiration Heart rate Continuous with the spinal cord (2.5 cm) CerebellumMedulla Oblongata Pons

16. Male -Brain cells: male have 4% more brain cells -About 100 grams more brain tissue. -Brain weight :The average adult male brain weighs about 11-12% more than the brain weight in female. Male need more neurons to control their greater muscle mass and larger body size, thus generally have a larger brain. -Head circumference of boys is 2% larger than that of girls. -Brain usage Male tend to be more left brained. - more blood flows to the right side of males brain. - larger brain volume 1260 cc. Female -Brain usage :female uses both sides more. -females brains produce more blood flow to the left. -Smaller brain volume 1130 cc.

17. Brain of male Brain of female

18. Male -Language: Male use the dominant hemisphere (usually the left side) for language and understanding language. -More neurons in the cerebral cortex. -Frontal cortex and limbic cortex are smaller. -Less densityof neurons in the temporal lobe and hippocampus -Larger Hypothalamus – helps regulate biological drives. -Smaller Corpus Callosum. Female -Larger number of females are able to use both sides for language and understanding language. -More dendritic connections between cells. -Frontal cortex and limbic cortex are larger. -Greater density of neurons in the temporal lobe and hippocampus -Smaller Hypothalamus. -Larger Corpus Callosum – have a larger corpus callosum therefore they can transfer information between the two hemispheres much faster and more effectively then male can.

19. Center of language in female Center of language in male

21. Male -limbic system smaller. -Larger Inferior Parietal Lobule on the left side control mental mathematical ability, Interestingly, this is the same area of Einstein’s brain that was discovered to be abnormally large. -Resting Brain 30% Active -Tunnel Vision, Great Distances -More sensitive to changes in levels of light. Female -The deep limbic system is responsible for emotions and bonding and is larger in females than males,makes females more susceptible to depression, particularly at times of significant hormonal changes such as puberty, menstruation, postnatal period, and at menopause. -larger right side allows them to focus on, "specific stimuli, such as a baby crying in the night." -Resting 90% Active -Greater Peripheral-up To 180° -More acute sense of smell. Better hearing.

22. Male vision Female vision

23. Male -Larger. -Smaller. -Stroke advantage : male having the same left sided damage are less likely to recover speech as fully. Female -Smaller Amygdala (an area involved in regulating and controlling emotional reactions).Amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus affected by estrogen and progesterone -Hippocampus may be relatively larger and form stronger synaptic connections clearer memories pleasant and unpleasant. -Stroke advantage :female who suffer a stroke in the left frontal lobe of the brain, usually retain some language from the right front side.

25. Male -Males tend to have more development in certain areas of the right hemisphere, which provides them with better spatial abilities such as : Measuring, mechanical design, geography,and mapping - Higher percentage of white matter and CSF. - During pain, the right amygdala is activated -Male are left-handed. -Male tend to be more physically aggressive which may be related to testosterone. Male tend to have a "fight or flight" response to stress situations. Female - Have a stronger verbal understanding of language, phonemics, and sensory information in verbal tasks. - Higher percentage of gray matter, -the left amygdala is activated. -Female are right-handed. -Female seem to approach these situations with a "tend and befriend" strategy.

27. A male brain when reading is really only active on the left hemisphere of the brain, while the female brain when reading is active on both sides of the brain.

28. PROBLEMS Male - Men are more apt to have dyslexia or other language problems -More prone to developing ADHD, Autism disorders, and Tourette’s Syndrome -More prone to Anti-Social disorders -More prone to neuron disease: Example - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. - Men kill themselves three times more than women, partly because they become disconnected more easily. Female - If women have dyslexia, they are more likely to compensate for it. -More prone to developing Alzheimer’s disease -More susceptible to depression and related mood disorders such as anxiety -More prone to developing anorexia -Women attempt suicide three times more than men.

29. INTELLIGENCE Despite the physical differences between the male and female brain and how males and females utilize their abilities there is NO IDENTIFIABLE DIFFERENCE in intellectual ability between the male and female brain.

31. Foods for brain health  Avocados  Bananas  Brewer's yeast  Broccoli  Brown rice  Brussel sprouts  Cantaloupe  Flaxseed oil  Greens  Legumes  Oatmeal  Oranges  Peas  Potatoes  Romaine lettuce  Soybeans  Spinach  Walnuts  Wheat germ

32. Brain drainers  Alcohol  Artificial food colorings  Artificial sweeteners  Colas  Corn syrup  Frostings  High-sugar "drinks"  Hydrogenated fats  Junk sugars  Nicotine  Overeating  Processed foods  Animal products  White bread

33. Omega 3 and brain nutrition Medical studies have shown that omega 3 oils play an important role in brain development. Foods rich in Omega 3 The richest sources of Omega 3 is found in algae, oily fish, broccoli, walnuts and flax seed (ground / milled flax seed or flax seed oil is best). Flax oil is also available in vegetable capsules. Other sources of Omega 3 are: olive oil, leafy green vegetables, pumpkin seeds and soybeans.

34. Vitamin B A key vitamin crucial to brain health is Vitamin B. B vitamins Help the body release energy from food to support vitality and stamina. Also help the nervous system carry information to and from the brain. Vitamin B12 in particular is essential for cell growth and replication and helps to support nerve and brain health. The Anti-Stress Vitamin Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) is essential for normal physiological functions

35. Vitamin D New studies on Vitamin D from researchers in California suggests that Vitamin D may help promote brain health. Once Vitamin D is converted in the body to its active form, calcitriol, it binds to receptors in the brain. Scientists at the Children’s Hospital & Research Centre Oakland CA are also questioning whether there is convincing biological or behavioural evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to brain dysfunction.

36. As we have seen, there are many differences between the male and female brain. However, there is one thing that we will always agree on- We can’t live without each other! Thank You