1. Chapter 24 The Nation At War WW I 1914 - 1919

2. The War In Europe ► Two Sides ► Allies: England, France, and Russia ► Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria / Hungry, and Italy who ended up changing sides

3. American’s Position ► President Wilson claimed neutrality ► Immigrants from both sides favored their homelands in the European war thus splitting the U.S. on whom to support ► May 7, 1915 sinking of the British passenger ship Lusitania by German u-boat (submarine) helped push U.S. towards the Allies (American munitions headed to England were hidden on the ship)

4. continued… ► While claiming neutrality American clearly favored Allies in their trading of supplies ► Wilson promised to stay out of the war in election of 1916 ► TR criticized Wilson for being chicken

5. America Enters the War (1917) ► After having cut back on their attacking of U.S. ships in 1915, Germany began once again attacking U.S. trade vessels in the Atlantic 1917 ► Wilson responded by asking Congress for a declaration of war in 1917 ► Congress also passes the Selective Service Act in that year ► 1 st American troop reach France

6. continued… ► Both sides were pinned down in trench warfare by the time America enters ► Both sides had suffered high numbers of casualties, and Russia had pulled out to deal with their own revolution ► America’s entry quickly broke a stalemate in the conflict and led to an Allied Victory

7. A different type fighting ► Trench warfare (contributed to loss of life due to disease) ► Rapid fire machine guns put an end to straight ahead battlefield engagement ► Early use of aircraft ► Medical advancements did not keep pace with new armaments resulting in lots of post war handicapping of soldiers

8. Death Statistics ► England, Canada, & Australia 1 Million Men ► France 1.7 Million ► Germany 2 Million ► Russia 1.7 Million ► Italy 460,000 ► Austria / Hungry 1.5 Million ► USA 112,000 (half of which died from the influenza)

9. Affect Upon American Society ► Helped to bring together new Americans with old Americans ► Gave more power to the National Government ► Showed many Americans life outside rural America

10. Post War ► Wilson’s 14 Points of Peace (pg. 727 study) ► Paris Peace Conference ► Wilson did not wish to punish Germany ► England and France wished to punish the Germans ► They would only agree to the League of Nations if they were allowed to oversee post WW I Germany ► Their punishment of the Germany would create some of the hostilities that led to WW II

11. Wilson and The Treaty ► Congress refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles ► Wilson traveled around the U.S. in an effort to pressure the Senate into doing so and creating the League of Nations ► He lost the battle, and his health in the process ► This would lead to the election of Republican Warren Harding in 1920