1. Parts of Speech Grammar The videos we watched in class can be found on Youtube. Search under “Schoolhouse Rock” for the various videos.

2. Nouns Nouns= person, place, thing, quality or idea Ex: Hector, Virginia, toothbrush, love Proper Nouns: capitalize all the time! ex: Sarah, Virginia, Parkside, USA, English Common nouns: lower case these ex: desk, girl, flower

3. Pronouns Pronouns take the place of nouns. Examples: ◦I we me us ◦You you you you ◦He, she, it they him,her,it them ◦Antecedent: the noun the pronoun “replaced” or refers to  Ex: Sally ate ice cream. She like it. ◦ “She” is the pronoun and “Sally” is the antecedent.

4. Adjectives Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. Types of adjectives: ◦Descriptive: smelly, orange, round ◦Numeral: first, second ◦Articles: a, an, the

5. Prepositions Prepositions are words that indicate a relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. Some common prepositions are: ◦about, above, across, around,at, before, ◦behind, between, by, down, during,except, for, ◦from, in, of, on, to, toward, with Prepositions need to have an object (noun or pronoun) to its right to make a prepositional phrase. Ex: The car came around the corner. “Around” is your preposition, and “around the corner” is the prepositional phrase.

6. Verbs Verbs show action or being. Every sentence must have a verb. Action verb examples: ◦Run, walk, sing, write, dance Being verb examples: is, are, was, were, am, be Verb phrase=helping verb +main verb Ex: He should take out the trash. “Take” is your main verb, “should” is your helping verb, so your entire verb = should take

7. Adverbs Adverbs are words that modify or limit verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. they tell place, time, manner, negation/ ◦affirmation, and are used to ask some ◦questions. ◦Some examples: slowly, quickly, softly, now,  Never, not, yes, well

8. Conjunctions Conjunctions are words that connect words, prepositional phrases, and clauses Coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) : for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Ex: I like macaroni and cheese. (words) ◦I went to the store and to the movies. (phrases) ◦I want to play ball, but my brother wants to play cards. (clauses) ◦**When connecting two clauses, you MUST use a comma before the conjunction.

9. Interjections Interjections are words that show emotion or excitement. They are set apart from the sentence by either an exclamation point (!) or a comma (,). ◦Ex: Hey! You stepped on my toe.  Shhh, you should be reading.